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Review
. 2020 Jun;9(2):255-274.
doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00300-x. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: Lessons from Other Coronavirus Strains

Eriko Padron-Regalado  1
Affiliations
Review

Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: Lessons from Other Coronavirus Strains

Eriko Padron-Regalado. Infect Dis Ther. 2020 Jun.

Erratum in

Abstract

The emergence of the strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and its impact on global health have made imperative the development of effective and safe vaccines for this lethal strain. SARS-CoV-2 now adds to the list of coronavirus diseases that have threatened global health, along with the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronaviruses that emerged in 2002/2003 and 2012, respectively. As of April 2020, no vaccine is commercially available for these coronavirus strains. Nevertheless, the knowledge obtained from the vaccine development efforts for MERS and SARS can be of high value for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Here, we review the past and ongoing vaccine development efforts for clinically relevant coronavirus strains with the intention that this information helps in the development of effective and safe vaccines for COVID-19. In addition, information from naturally exposed individuals and animal models to coronavirus strains is described for the same purpose of helping into the development of effective vaccines against COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; MERS; SARS; Vaccine.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Scheme of the structure of the spike (S) glycoprotein of the MERS coronavirus used in vaccine development (modified from [61]). The MERS coronavirus S glycoprotein is used predominantly in vaccine development for coronaviruses. The S glycoprotein induces high titers of neutralizing antibodies, and the protein has been frequently exploited in subunit vaccination. In nature, the S glycoprotein binds to the host cell receptor DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) through the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S glycoprotein [62]. The S glycoprotein can be divided into two subunits, S1 and S2. The subunit S1 contains the RBD. The subunit S2 contains heptad repeat regions (HR1 and HR2) that the virus uses for membrane fusion and entry to the host cell. The S glycoprotein is a class I fusion protein, and it exists as a trimer, as depicted. DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4, S1 S1 subunit of S, S2 S2 subunit of S, RBD receptor binding domain. TMD transmembrane domain
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