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Editorial
. 2020 May 5;9(9):e016162.
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.016162. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Stepping Stones From Childhood Adversity to Cardiovascular Disease and Premature Mortality

Donald A Barr  1
Affiliations
Editorial

Stepping Stones From Childhood Adversity to Cardiovascular Disease and Premature Mortality

Donald A Barr. J Am Heart Assoc. .
No abstract available

Keywords: Editorials; allostatic load; cardiovascular outcomes; pediatric; psychology and behavior; risk factor; stress.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Additional life expectancy in the United States at the age of 25 years, by sex and highest level of education, 1996.
Data from US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011.3 GED indicates general equivalency diploma.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Percentage of people aged ≥18 years who were current smokers, 2011, by sex and highest level of education completed.
Data from US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012.4
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

References

    1. Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults—the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. Am J Prev Med. 1998;14:245–258. - PubMed
    1. Pierce JB, Kershaw KN, Kiefe CI, Jacobs DR, Sidney S, Merkin SS, Feinglass J. Association of childhood psychosocial environment with 30‐year cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality in middle age. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9:e015326 DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.015326. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Health, United States, 2011: life expectancy at age 25, by sex and education level: United States, 1996 and 2006. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/2011/fig32.pdf. Accessed February 12, 2020.
    1. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Current cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 2011. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61:889–894. - PubMed
    1. Zimbardo PG, Boyd JN. Putting time in perspective: a valid, reliable individual‐differences metric. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999;77:1271–1288.

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