Conflict of interest: The JHU filed a patent application on the use of various drugs to prevent cytokine release syndromes, on which VS, RYB, NP, BV, KWK, and SZ are listed as inventors. JHU will not assert patent rights from this filing for treatment related to COVID-19. MFK received personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Celltrion. BV, KWK, and NP are founders of and hold equity in Thrive Earlier Detection. KWK and NP are consultants to and are on the Board of Directors of Thrive Earlier Detection. BV, KWK, NP, and SZ are founders of, hold equity in, and serve as consultants to Personal Genome Diagnostics. SZ holds equity in Thrive Earlier Detection and has a research agreement with BioMed Valley Discoveries Inc. KWK and BV are consultants to Sysmex, Eisai, and CAGE Pharma and hold equity in CAGE Pharma. NP is an advisor to and holds equity in Cage Pharma. BV is also a consultant to Nexus. KWK, BV, SZ, and NP are consultants to and hold equity in NeoPhore. CB is a consultant to Depuy-Synthes and Bionaut Pharmaceuticals. CB, BV, KWK, and NP are also inventors on technologies unrelated or indirectly related to the work described in this article. Licenses to these technologies are or will be associated with equity or royalty payments to the inventors, as well as to JHU. The terms of all these arrangements are being managed by JHU in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. SA is an advisor and holds an equity stake in two private companies, Prealize (Palo Alto, Callifornia, USA) and Consulta (Brazil). Prealize is a health care analytics company, and Consulta operates a chain of low-cost medical clinics in Brazil.