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. 2020 Apr 26;13(9):2028.
doi: 10.3390/ma13092028.

Bio-Based Polyurethane Composites and Hybrid Composites Containing a New Type of Bio-Polyol and Addition of Natural and Synthetic Fibers

Adam Olszewski  1 , Paulina Kosmela  1 , Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń  2 , Łukasz Piszczyk  1
Affiliations

Bio-Based Polyurethane Composites and Hybrid Composites Containing a New Type of Bio-Polyol and Addition of Natural and Synthetic Fibers

Adam Olszewski et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

This article describes how new bio-based polyol during the liquefaction process can be obtained. Selected polyol was tested in the production of polyurethane resins. Moreover, this research describes the process of manufacturing polyurethane materials and the impact of two different types of fibers-synthetic and natural (glass and sisal fibers)-on the properties of composites. The best properties were achieved at a reaction temperature of 150 °C and a time of 6 h. The hydroxyl number of bio-based polyol was 475 mg KOH/g. Composites were obtained by hot pressing for 15 min at 100 °C and under a pressure of 10 MPa. Conducted researches show the improvement of flexural strength, impact strength, hardness, an increase of storage modulus of obtained materials, and an increase of glass transition temperature of hard segments with an increasing amount of fibers. SEM analysis determined better adhesion of sisal fiber to the matrix and presence of cracks, holes, and voids inside the structure of composites.

Keywords: biomass liquefaction; glass fiber; hybrid composites; polymer matrix composites (PMCs); scanning electron microscopy (SEM); sisal fiber.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Proposed course of the main reaction occurring as a result of liquefaction of cellulose biomass.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Change of hydroxyl number of obtained polyols.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Change of biomass conversion of polyols.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The flow curves of obtained polyol at different temperatures.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The viscosity curves of obtained polyol at different temperatures.
Figure 6
Figure 6
FTIR spectra of sisal and glass fiber (GF).
Figure 7
Figure 7
FT-IR spectra of biomass (cellulose), polyol and matrix.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Storage modulus values of sisal and GF composites.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Storage modulus values of obtained hybrids.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Loss modulus values of obtained hybrids.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Loss modulus values of obtained hybrids.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Loss factor (Tanδ) values of obtained composites.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Tanδ values of obtained hybrids.
Figure 14
Figure 14
SEM images of sisal fiber (a) transversal cross-section of sisal in material; (b) longitudinal section of sisal.
Figure 15
Figure 15
SEM images of glass fiber (a) lateral surface of glass fiber; (b) glass fiber ends.
Figure 16
Figure 16
SEM images of sisal fiber in composite, (a) transversal crack of sisal fiber in the material; (b) the longitudinal crack of sisal fiber in the material.
Figure 17
Figure 17
SEM images of glass fiber in composite, (a) group of defects in material; (b) agglomerate of glass fibers.
Figure 18
Figure 18
SEM images of glass and sisal fibers adhesion to matrix.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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