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. 2020 Apr 26;25(9):2021.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25092021.

Phytocomplex Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Powdered Fruits and Leaves from Elaeagnus angustifolia

Simone Carradori  1 , Francesco Cairone  2 , Stefania Garzoli  2 , Giancarlo Fabrizi  2 , Antonia Iazzetti  2 , Anna Maria Giusti  3 , Luigi Menghini  1 , Sengul Uysal  4   5 , Gunes Ak  6 , Gokhan Zengin  6 , Stefania Cesa  2
Affiliations

Phytocomplex Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Powdered Fruits and Leaves from Elaeagnus angustifolia

Simone Carradori et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Fully ripe fruits and mature leaves of Elaeagnus angustifolia were harvested and analyzed by means of analytical and biological tests to better comprehend the chemical composition and therapeutic/nutraceutical potential of this plant. Fruits and leaves were dried and the obtained powders were analyzed to study their color character and (via headspace gas chromatography) describe the chemical profile. Subsequently, they were submitted to a chloroform-methanol extraction, to a hydroalcoholic extraction procedure assisted or not by microwaves, and to an extraction with supercritical CO2, assisted or not by ethanol as the co-solvent, to detect the polyphenolic and the volatile content. The resulting extracts were evaluated in terms of chlorophyll and carotenoid content, polyphenolic content, volatile fraction, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, radical scavenging activity, and enzymatic inhibition activity. The results confirmed the correlation between the chemical composition and the high antioxidant potential of leaf extracts compared to the fruit extracts in terms of the phenolic and pigment content. A promising effect against tyrosinase emerged for all the extracts, suggesting a therapeutic/nutraceutical use for this plant. Conversely, the volatile content from both natural matrices was similar.

Keywords: Elaeagnus angustifolia; HPLC-DAD; HS-GC/MS; MW-assisted extraction; antioxidant activity; enzyme inhibition activity; pigments; polyphenols; scCO2-assisted extraction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the adopted work-up.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Reflectance curves of E. angustifolia fruits and leaves (powders and extracts).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chromatograms of phenolic compounds in leaf and fruit extracts by HPLC-DAD analysis at 280 (A,B,D) and 360 nm (C). Identified peaks: 1. epicatechin, 2. chlorogenic acid, 3. caffeic acid, 4. p-coumaric acid, 5. ferulic acid, 6. quercetin-3-D-galactoside; a. rutin, b. kaempferol glucoside derivative, and c. kaempferol were tentatively identified by literature [30,31].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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