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Review
. 2020 Oct 1;1866(10):165823.
doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165823. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Exercise-induced immune system response: Anti-inflammatory status on peripheral and central organs

Débora da Luz Scheffer  1 , Alexandra Latini  2
Affiliations
Review

Exercise-induced immune system response: Anti-inflammatory status on peripheral and central organs

Débora da Luz Scheffer et al. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. .

Abstract

A wide array of molecular pathways has been investigated during the past decade in order to understand the mechanisms by which the practice of physical exercise promotes neuroprotection and reduces the risk of developing communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases. While a single session of physical exercise may represent a challenge for cell homeostasis, repeated physical exercise sessions will improve immunosurveillance and immunocompetence. Additionally, immune cells from the central nervous system will acquire an anti-inflammatory phenotype, protecting central functions from age-induced cognitive decline. This review highlights the exercise-induced anti-inflammatory effect on the prevention or treatment of common chronic clinical and experimental settings. It also suggests the use of pterins in biological fluids as sensitive biomarkers to follow the anti-inflammatory effect of physical exercise.

Keywords: Biomarker; Communicable chronic diseases; Inflammation; Neuroprotection; Non-communicable chronic diseases; Physical exercise.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
- Flowchart of literature search.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The practice of physical activity, physical exercise and exercise training induce beneficial health outcomes.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effects of physical inactivity and different intensities of physical exercise on the inflammatory response (IL-6 and neopterin) and health outcome (risk of infection, chronic non-communicable diseases and neuroprotection). MET: metabolic equivalent of task.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Intracellular levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) are controlled by three metabolic pathways: de novo synthesis, salvage and recycling pathways. CR: carbonil reductase; DHFR: dihydrofolate reductase; DHPR: dihydropteridin reductase; GTPCH: GTP cyclohydrolase I; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; NO: nitric oxide; NOS: nitric oxide synthase; PHA: phenylalanine hydroxylase; PTPS: 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase; SPR: sepiapterin reductase; TH: tyrosine hydroxylase; TPH: tryptophan hydroxylase.
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