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. 2020 Apr 30;46(2):116-124.
doi: 10.5125/jkaoms.2020.46.2.116.

Incidence and risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting in orthognathic surgery: a 10-year retrospective study

Subhabrata Ghosh  1 , Kirthi Kumar Rai  1 , Hosadurga Rudraswamy Shivakumar  1 , Amarnath P Upasi  1 , Vinayak Gourish Naik  1 , Avijit Bharat  1
Affiliations

Incidence and risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting in orthognathic surgery: a 10-year retrospective study

Subhabrata Ghosh et al. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. .

Abstract

Objectives: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is considered as one of the most incessant and anguishing factors for patients who have surgery under general anesthesia. The occurrence of PONV after orthognathic surgery can lead to dehydration, infection, bleeding at the surgical site, and patient discomfort, all of which leave a patient with a negative impression of anesthesia and surgery. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence of PONV after orthognathic surgery and to correlate it with factors related to patient, anesthesia, and surgery.

Materials and methods: A 10-year retrospective survey was done for patients who underwent orthognathic surgery between January 2008 and March 2018. The incidence of PONV was evaluated, correlations with factors related to patient, anesthesia, and surgery were studied, and the duration between the end of surgery and the occurrence of the first episode of PONV was tabulated.

Results: The medical records of 109 patients were screened, out of which 101 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Amongst these patients, 60 patients (59.4%) suffered from PONV. Patient's sex, induction agent used, intravenous fluids administered intraoperatively, duration and type of surgery, and the presence of a nasogastric tube were seen to have a significant influence on precipitating PONV. It was noted that among the patients who suffered from PONV, 61.7% of them experienced it 48-96 hours after the end of surgery.

Conclusion: Despite the improved anesthetic equipments, drugs, and surgical techniques currently used, the incidence of PONV was high in our study. Certain factors that were seen to influence PONV in this study need to be considered in order to develop an efficacious protocol to reduce PONV in orthognathic surgeries.

Keywords: General anesthesia; Orthognathic surgery; Postoperative nausea and vomiting.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Incidence (%) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) with sex.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Incidence (%) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) with the agent used for induction of general anesthesia.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Incidence (%) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) with the intraoperative intravenous fluids given per kg body weight.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Incidence (%) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) with usage of opioids.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Incidence (%) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) with duration of surgery.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. Incidence (%) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) with the surgical procedure.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. Incidence (%) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) with the presence of nasogastric tube.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. Time elapsed between end of general anesthesia and first episode of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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