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. 2020 May 2:6:28.
doi: 10.1038/s41421-020-0169-8. eCollection 2020.

The anti-influenza virus drug, arbidol is an efficient inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro

Xi Wang #  1 , Ruiyuan Cao #  2 , Huanyu Zhang #  1   3 , Jia Liu  1 , Mingyue Xu  1   3 , Hengrui Hu  1   3 , Yufeng Li  1   3 , Lei Zhao  2 , Wei Li  2 , Xiulian Sun  1 , Xinglou Yang  1 , Zhengli Shi  1 , Fei Deng  1   4 , Zhihong Hu  1 , Wu Zhong  2 , Manli Wang  1
Affiliations

The anti-influenza virus drug, arbidol is an efficient inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro

Xi Wang et al. Cell Discov. .
No abstract available

Keywords: Cell biology; Molecular biology.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Comparative antiviral efficacy of anti-influenza drugs and the mode of actions of arbidol against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.
a Antiviral activities of the drugs. The antiviral efficacy was evaluated in Vero E6 cells by qRT-PCR analysis of virus yield at 48 h p.i. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD) from two independent repeats. b, c Time-of-addition experiment of arbidol. Three experimental groups (Full-time, Entry, and Post-entry) were set up as described in the Supplementary Methods. At 16 h p.i., virus yield in the cell supernatant was quantified by qRT-PCR (b), and the expression of NP in infected cells was analyzed by western blots (c). The values below the blot represent the relative band intensity (NP/GAPDH) normalized to that of the DMSO group. d Impact of arbidol on SARS-CoV-2 binding. Vero E6 cells were treated with arbidol (10 μM) or DMSO for 1 h prior to infection with SARS-CoV-2 at 4 °C for 1 h. The supernatant (unbound virions) and the cells containing bound virions (bound virions) were collected for quantification of viral RNA copies by qRT-PCR. e, f Effect of arbidol on intracellular trafficking of SARS-CoV-2. The co-localization of virions with EEs or LEs was analyzed by immunofluorescence assays as described in the Supplementary Methods. e The portion of virions that co-localized with EEs or ELs in each group (n > 150 cells) was quantified by Image J. f Representative confocal microscopic images of virions (red) and LAMP1+ ELs (green) in each group. The nuclei (blue) were stained with Hoechst 33258 dye. White arrows: virions co-localized with ELs; bars: 10 μm. For (b) and (e), statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with GraphPad Prism. For (d), statistical analysis was performed and calculated by unpaired two-tailed t test. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant.
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