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Review
. 2020 Apr 28;6(4):e03834.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03834. eCollection 2020 Apr.

Mindfulness interventions reduce blood pressure in patients with non-communicable diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ungsinun Intarakamhang  1 , Ann Macaskill  2 , Pitchada Prasittichok  3
Affiliations
Review

Mindfulness interventions reduce blood pressure in patients with non-communicable diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ungsinun Intarakamhang et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Purpose: Mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) are an emerging area of empirical study, not only in positive psychology, but also in clinical health care. This research aims to synthesize the evidence about whether MBIs reduce blood pressure (BP) in patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Methods: Relevant studies were identified via PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and the CINAHL database between 2009 and 2019. The papers selected focused on mindfulness and the effect of these on the BP of patients with NCDs. The change in SBP and DBP were meta-analyzed, stratified by type of intervention (Breathing awareness meditation (BAM), Mindfulness Meditation (MM), and Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR).

Results: Fourteen articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. Among the studies using the type and duration of intervention, systolic BP was reduced after the mindfulness-based stress reduction for 8 weeks (-6.90 mmHg [95% CI: -10.82, -2.97], p < .050), followed by the breathing awareness meditation for 12 weeks (-4.10 mmHg [95% CI: -7.54, -0.66], p < .050) and the mindfulness-based intervention for 8 weeks (-2.69 mmHg [95% CI: -3.90, -1.49], p < .050) whereas diastolic BP was reduced after the mindfulness-based stress reduction for 8 weeks (-2.45 mmHg [95% CI: -3.74, -1.17], p < .050) and the mindfulness-based intervention for 8 weeks (-2.24 mmHg [95% CI: -3.22, -1.26], p < .050).

Conclusion: MBIs can provide effective alternative therapies to assist in blood pressure reduction for patients with NCDs.

Keywords: Blood pressure; Health profession; Meta-analysis; Mindfulness; Non-communicable diseases; Nursing; Public health; Systematic review.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of article selection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot showing effects of mindfulness intervention on blood pressure.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Diagnosis of publication bias in the combined effect on blood pressure.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot showing a sensitivity analysis a sensitivity analysis by removing studies based on office BP.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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