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. 2020 May 4;9(5):578.
doi: 10.3390/foods9050578.

Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients

Jonathan B Magan  1   2 , Tom F O'Callaghan  1 , Jiamin Zheng  3 , Lun Zhang  3 , Rupasri Mandal  3 , Deirdre Hennessy  4 , Mark A Fenelon  1 , David S Wishart  3 , Alan L Kelly  2 , Noel A McCarthy  1
Affiliations

Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients

Jonathan B Magan et al. Foods. .

Abstract

The influence of diet on the water-soluble vitamin composition of skim milk powder and whey protein ingredients produced from the milk of cows fed pasture or concentrate-based diets was examined. Fifty-one Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly assigned into three diets (n=17) consisting of outdoor grazing of perennial ryegrass (GRS), perennial ryegrass/white clover (CLV), or indoor feeding of total mixed ration (TMR) for an entire lactation. Raw mid-lactation milk from each group was processed into skim milk powder and further processed to yield micellar casein whey and acid whey. Sweet whey was also produced by renneting of pasteurised whole milk from each system. The water-soluble vitamin profile of each sample was analysed using a combination of direct injection mass spectrometry and reverse-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Vitamin B3 and B3-amide concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in TMR-derived samples than in those from CLV and GRS, respectively. Vitamin B1, B2, and B7 concentrations were significantly higher in GRS and CLV-derived samples than those from TMR. Significant differences in vitamins B1, B2, and B3-amide were also observed between protein ingredient types. This study indicates that bovine feeding systems have a significant effect on B vitamin composition across a range of protein ingredient types.

Keywords: B vitamin composition; Bovine diet; acid whey; micellar casein whey; skim milk; sweet whey.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Panel (A): partial-least-square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plot for water-soluble vitamins in skim milk powder and whey ingredients from perennial ryegrass (GRS), perennial ryegrass/white clover (CLV), and total mixed ration (TMR) feeding systems, determined by LC-MS/MS (R2 = 0.80, Q2 = 0.71). Panel (B): variable importance plot of vitamins most responsible for separation observed in PLS-DA.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Hierarchical clustering analysis of average skim milk powder and whey ingredient vitamins from perennial ryegrass (GRS), perennial ryegrass/white clover (CLV), or total mixed ration (TMR) feeding systems, determined by LC-MS/MS. Degree of positive and negative correlation between vitamin and diet is indicated by +1 (red) to −1 (blue).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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