Multiple Large-Size Cystic Cerebral Cavernomas

Abstract

Background: Cerebral cavernomas are vascular malformations characterized by networks of abnormally dilated capillaries. They typically present as nodules with mixed signal intensity and a surrounding hemosiderin rim on magnetic resonance imaging. They may occur as multiple lesions in the autosomal-dominant familial form. In rare cases, cavernomas may form cystic masses, mimicking other pathologies.

Case description: A 35-year-old man presented with recurrent seizures, aphasia, and gait disturbance with onset at age 14 years. He had previously undergone surgical drainage of multiple cysts across the brain with suspected parasitic infection. On magnetic resonance imaging, 22 cystic lesions were seen across the brain. A large cyst was located in the midline cerebellum, compressing the fourth ventricle. Occipital craniotomy and transvermian dissection allowed total resection of the cyst along with its wall. The postoperative course was uneventful and symptoms progressively improved. Histological analysis revealed cavernoma. Three more surgeries were performed for removal of large supratentorial cavernomas.

Conclusions: In patients with cystic lesions of the brain, the neurosurgeon should consider the possibility of cavernoma. Total excision along with the cyst wall is crucial for timely diagnosis and therapy.

Keywords: Cerebellar cyst; Cystic brain lesions; Cystic cavernoma; Multiple cavernomas.