The effect of equine-assisted therapies on behavioural, psychological and physical symptoms for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review

Abstract

Background and purpose: Individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience a variety of challenges in daily life and equine-assisted therapies (EATs) have grown in popularity for children with ADHD. This review aims to examine the effectiveness of EATs on behavioural, psychological and physical symptoms in the treatment of children with ADHD.

Materials and methods: A systematic search of databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, Emcare, ERIC, MEDLINE, OTseeker, ProQuest, PsycINFO and Scopus) was conducted in February 2019. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed using a modified McMaster critical appraisal tool.

Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and overall, positive trends were identified in behavioural, psychological and physical outcome measures following the participation in an EAT. However, due to methodological constraints, caution is required when interpreting these findings.

Conclusion: While EAT may offer some positive benefits for children with ADHD, further methodologically robust research is required before definitive recommendations can be made.

Keywords: ADHD; Animal-assisted therapy; Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Equine-assisted therapy; Hippotherapy.