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Review
. 2020 May 7;10(5):811.
doi: 10.3390/ani10050811.

Biomonitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution Using Acanthocephalans Parasite in Ecosystem: An Updated Overview

El-Sayed E Mehana  1 , Asmaa F Khafaga  1 , Samar S Elblehi  1 , Mohamed E Abd El-Hack  2 , Mohammed A E Naiel  3 , May Bin-Jumah  4 , Sarah I Othman  4 , Ahmed A Allam  5
Affiliations
Review

Biomonitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution Using Acanthocephalans Parasite in Ecosystem: An Updated Overview

El-Sayed E Mehana et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

As a result of the global industrial revolution, contamination of the ecosystem by heavy metals has given rise to one of the most important ecological and organismic problems, particularly human, early developmental stages of fish and animal life. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues can be influenced by several factors, including metal concentration, exposure time, method of metal ingestion and environmental conditions, such as water temperature. Upon recognizing the danger of contamination from heavy metals and the effects on the ecosystem that support life on earth, new ways of monitoring and controlling this pollution, besides the practical ones, had to be found. Diverse living organisms, such as insects, fish, planktons, livestock and bacteria can be used as bioindicators for monitoring the health of the natural ecosystem of the environment. Parasites have attracted intense interest from parasitic ecologists, because of the variety of different ways in which they respond to human activity contamination as prospective indices of environmental quality. Previous studies showed that fish intestinal helminths might consider potential bioindicators for heavy metal contamination in aquatic creatures. In particular, cestodes and acanthocephalans have an increased capacity to accumulate heavy metals, where, for example, metal concentrations in acanthocephalans were several thousand times higher than in host tissues. On the other hand, parasitic infestation in fish could induce significant damage to the physiologic and biochemical processes inside the fish body. It may encourage serious impairment to the physiologic and general health status of fish. Thus, this review aimed to highlight the role of heavy metal accumulation, fish histopathological signs and parasitic infestation in monitoring the ecosystem pollutions and their relationship with each other.

Keywords: bioaccumulation; fish; heavy metals; parasite.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The bioaccumulation of heavy metals due to mining and industrial activities, and its effect on the aquatic food chain.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Life cycle of acanthocephalan.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The uptake, transport and excretion of heavy metals in fish, and the route of metal uptake through the intestinal parasite such as acanthocephalans.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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