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Review
. 2020 Apr 2:9:229.
doi: 10.12688/f1000research.22941.1. eCollection 2020.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma: metastasis, potentially associated malignant disorders, etiology and recent advancements in diagnosis

Amr Bugshan  1 , Imran Farooq  1
Affiliations
Review

Oral squamous cell carcinoma: metastasis, potentially associated malignant disorders, etiology and recent advancements in diagnosis

Amr Bugshan et al. F1000Res. .

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a commonly occurring head and neck cancer. It has a high prevalence in certain parts of the world, and is associated with a high mortality rate. In this review, we describe metastasis related to OSCC, and disorders that could lead to OSCC with common etiological factors. In addition, a brief account of the diagnosis of OSCC and role of salivary biomarkers in its early detection has also been highlighted. Google Scholar and PubMed search engines were searched with keywords including "oral squamous cell carcinoma", "OSCC", "oral cancer", "potentially malignant disorders in oral cavity", "etiological factors of OSCC", "diagnosis of OSCC", and "salivary biomarkers and OSCC" to gather the literature for this review. The review concludes that OSCC has the potential for regional as well as distant metastasis, and many potentially malignant diseases can transform into OSCC with the help of various etiological factors. Diagnosis of OSCC involves traditional biopsy, but salivary biomarkers could also be utilized for early recognition.

Keywords: Diagnosis of OSCC; Etiological factors of OSCC; Metastasis; Oral squamous cell carcinoma; Potentially malignant disorders.

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Conflict of interest statement

No competing interests were disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Photomicrograph showing well differentiated oral squamous carcinoma cells displaying nuclear pleomorphism, mitosis, and high number of keratin pearls.
Image is courtesy of Dr. Faraz Kasti (Oral Pathology Division, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia). Written informed consent was obtained from the individual for publication.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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