Better sleep, better life? How sleep quality influences children's life satisfaction

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the association between children's sleep quality and life satisfaction; and to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of this relationship.

Methods: Three pediatric cohorts in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Environmental influences on Child Health (ECHO) Research Program administered Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS^®) parent-proxy measures to caregivers (n = 1111) who reported on their 5- to 9-year-old children's (n = 1251) sleep quality, psychological stress, general health, and life satisfaction; extant sociodemographic data were harmonized across cohorts. Bootstrapped path modeling of individual patient data meta-analysis was used to determine whether and to what extent stress and general health mediate the relationship between children's sleep quality and life satisfaction.

Results: Nonparametric bootstrapped path analyses with 1000 replications suggested children's sleep quality was associated with lower levels of stress and better general health, which, in turn, predicted higher levels of life satisfaction. Family environmental factors (i.e., income and maternal mental health) moderated these relationships.

Conclusion: Children who sleep well have happier lives than those with more disturbed sleep. Given the modifiable nature of children's sleep quality, this study offers evidence to inform future interventional studies on specific mechanisms to improve children's well-being.

Keywords: ECHO; Life satisfaction; Positive health; Sleep quality; Well-being.

Figure 1.

Hypothesized path model and path intercepts () and standards errors (SE) (Model 1 – full sample/Model 2 – subsample). Paths a, b, and c control for child age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, annual family income, and maternal mental health problems. Paths d and e control for annual family income and maternal mental health problems. Path f was not significant in either model and did not change model fit; thus, path f was dropped from the final models.