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Review
. 2020 May 12;25(10):2270.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25102270.

Recent Advances in Polymer Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery of Adjuvants in Colorectal Cancer Treatment: A Scientific-Technological Analysis and Review

Marlon Osorio  1 , Estefanía Martinez  1 , Tonny Naranjo  2   3 , Cristina Castro  1
Affiliations
Review

Recent Advances in Polymer Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery of Adjuvants in Colorectal Cancer Treatment: A Scientific-Technological Analysis and Review

Marlon Osorio et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the type with the second highest morbidity. Recently, a great number of bioactive compounds and encapsulation techniques have been developed. Thus, this paper aims to review the drug delivery strategies for chemotherapy adjuvant treatments for CRC, including an initial scientific-technological analysis of the papers and patents related to cancer, CRC, and adjuvant treatments. For 2018, a total of 167,366 cancer-related papers and 306,240 patents were found. Adjuvant treatments represented 39.3% of the total CRC patents, indicating the importance of adjuvants in the prognosis of patients. Chemotherapy adjuvants can be divided into two groups, natural and synthetic (5-fluorouracil and derivatives). Both groups can be encapsulated using polymers. Polymer-based drug delivery systems can be classified according to polymer nature. From those, anionic polymers have garnered the most attention, because they are pH responsive. The use of polymers tailors the desorption profile, improving drug bioavailability and enhancing the local treatment of CRC via oral administration. Finally, it can be concluded that antioxidants are emerging compounds that can complement today's chemotherapy treatments. In the long term, encapsulated antioxidants will replace synthetic drugs and will play an important role in curing CRC.

Keywords: 5-fluorouracil; antioxidants; chemotherapy; colorectal cancer; nanocapsules; polymer nanomaterials.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Number of publications of cancer in Scopus; (a) total number of cancer-related publications from 1860 to 2018 using the search string “TITLE-ABS-KEY (cancer)”; (b) total number of colorectal cancer-related publications from 1947 to 2018 using the search string “TITLE-ABS-KEY (colorectal and cancer)”.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Number of patents per year in (a) cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC) (data found in AcclaimIP)—the words “cancer” and “colorectal cancer” were examined in the title, abstract and claims, separately; (b) cancer adjuvants and colorectal cancer adjuvants (data found in AcclaimIP)—the words “cancer adjuvant” and “colorectal cancer adjuvant” were searched for in the title, abstract and claims, separately.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Keyword and title phrase groups in the latest papers and patents up to 31/12/2018; (a) grouped keywords of cancer adjuvants in scientific papers; (b) grouped keywords of colorectal cancer adjuvants in scientific papers; (c) grouped title phrases of cancer adjuvants in patents; (d) grouped title phrases of colorectal cancer adjuvants in patents. Authors’ keywords were extracted from 2000 scientific papers in Scopus and analyzed using VantagePoint. Title patent phrases were extracted from 1000 patents of Derwent and analyzed using VantagePoint.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Keyword and title phrase groups in the latest papers and patents up to 31/12/2018; (a) grouped keywords of cancer adjuvants in scientific papers; (b) grouped keywords of colorectal cancer adjuvants in scientific papers; (c) grouped title phrases of cancer adjuvants in patents; (d) grouped title phrases of colorectal cancer adjuvants in patents. Authors’ keywords were extracted from 2000 scientific papers in Scopus and analyzed using VantagePoint. Title patent phrases were extracted from 1000 patents of Derwent and analyzed using VantagePoint.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Traditionally cancer classification, histology, primary body site and staging.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Nanodevices for the encapsulation of chemotherapeutic drugs/antioxidants.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Drug-releasing mechanism of chemotherapeutic drugs.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Polymer families for drug delivery systems of antioxidants for CRC.
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