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. 2020 Apr 28:14:358.
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00358. eCollection 2020.

Neurohybrid Memristive CMOS-Integrated Systems for Biosensors and Neuroprosthetics

Alexey Mikhaylov  1 , Alexey Pimashkin  1 , Yana Pigareva  1 , Svetlana Gerasimova  1 , Evgeny Gryaznov  1 , Sergey Shchanikov  2 , Anton Zuev  2 , Max Talanov  3 , Igor Lavrov  4   5 , Vyacheslav Demin  6 , Victor Erokhin  3   6   7 , Sergey Lobov  1   8 , Irina Mukhina  1   9 , Victor Kazantsev  1   8 , Huaqiang Wu  10 , Bernardo Spagnolo  1   11   12
Affiliations

Neurohybrid Memristive CMOS-Integrated Systems for Biosensors and Neuroprosthetics

Alexey Mikhaylov et al. Front Neurosci. .

Abstract

Here we provide a perspective concept of neurohybrid memristive chip based on the combination of living neural networks cultivated in microfluidic/microelectrode system, metal-oxide memristive devices or arrays integrated with mixed-signal CMOS layer to control the analog memristive circuits, process the decoded information, and arrange a feedback stimulation of biological culture as parts of a bidirectional neurointerface. Our main focus is on the state-of-the-art approaches for cultivation and spatial ordering of the network of dissociated hippocampal neuron cells, fabrication of a large-scale cross-bar array of memristive devices tailored using device engineering, resistive state programming, or non-linear dynamics, as well as hardware implementation of spiking neural networks (SNNs) based on the arrays of memristive devices and integrated CMOS electronics. The concept represents an example of a brain-on-chip system belonging to a more general class of memristive neurohybrid systems for a new-generation robotics, artificial intelligence, and personalized medicine, discussed in the framework of the proposed roadmap for the next decade period.

Keywords: biosensor; memristor; microfluidics; neuronal culture; neuroprosthetics; spiking neural network.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Memristive neurohybrid chip. (A) Schematic representation of the neurohybrid chip composed of a neuronal system (the brain cellular culture grown on MEA) and an electronic subsystem represented by the mixed analog–digital circuits coupling microelectrode arrays, memristive devices, and intrinsic neuromorphic systems. (B) The sketch of a spatially ordered neuronal culture with individual axons grown in microfluidic channels. (C) The response of metal–oxide memristive device to spiking activity recorded in the culture. Black line—voltage drop on memristor, red line—voltage drop on load resistor as current sensor, and blue line—resistance of memristive device responding in a volatile or non-volatile manner to noise and spikes with different parameters. (D) The example of CMOS integration of metal–oxide memristive device based on thin ZrO2(Y) film sandwiched between top metal layers of CMOS circuit. (E) The typical diagram of registration, amplification, and analysis of bioelectric activity by using multielectrode/memristive arrays and embedded CMOS circuits. (F) The typical spiking neural architecture with competitive interneuron connections. (G) The scheme of extracellular electrical stimulation of living neurons modulated by the electronic subsystem to control their activity.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
A roadmap of memristive neuromorphic and neurohybrid systems.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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