Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for the Evaluation of Renal Transplants

Abstract

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound has emerged as a useful imaging modality for the evaluation of the transplant kidney. Advantages over traditional imaging modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging include the ability to visualize a lesion's enhancement pattern in real time, the lack of nephrotoxicity, and relatively low cost. Potential uses of contrast-enhanced ultrasound include characterization of solid and cystic transplant renal masses, assessment for pyelonephritis and identification of its complications, and evaluation of transplant complications in immediate and delayed settings. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound will likely play an increasing role for evaluating the transplant kidney, as an accurate diagnosis based on imaging can direct treatment and prevent unnecessary interventions.

Keywords: angiomyolipoma; contrast-enhanced ultrasound; perirenal hematoma; posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder; renal cell carcinoma; renal transplant.