Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Apr;9(2):485-493.
doi: 10.21037/tau.2020.01.25.

Psychological factors and pain catastrophizing in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS): a meta-analysis

Xinfei Huang  1 , Zhan Qin  2 , Hongliang Cui  3 , Jianhuai Chen  1 , Tao Liu  1 , Yongkang Zhu  4 , Shaoying Yuan  2
Affiliations

Psychological factors and pain catastrophizing in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS): a meta-analysis

Xinfei Huang et al. Transl Androl Urol. 2020 Apr.

Abstract

Background: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a chronic disease with a variety of psychosocial and somatic symptoms. CP/CPPS has substantial health care costs with unclear etiology, which may be caused by psychosocial factors. Moreover, previous studies suggested that cognitive processes played a crucial role in the perception of somatic pain. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze the psychosocial characteristics in men with CP/CPPS, especially the symptom of pain catastrophizing.

Methods: Relevant publications were searched in different databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochran Library using the search terms of "Chronic prostatitis", "Chronic pelvic pain syndrome", "Psychosocial" and "Catastrophizing". The prevalence of psychological factors and pain catastrophizing in men with CP/CPPS were extracted and calculated.

Results: Ten studies inclusive of 1,308 patients were included. Analysis of NIH-CPSI scores showed that the severity of CP/CPPS was 23.20 (95% CI: 21.13-25.28). The severity of pain catastrophizing was 13.81 (95% CI: 9.83-17.79) estimated by coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ), while the severity of pain catastrophizing was 24.83 (95% CI: 9.19-40.47) estimated by pain catastrophizing scale (PCS). The prevalence of psychosocial symptom was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.32-0.55), while the prevalence of pain catastrophizing was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.21-0.31).

Conclusions: The psychological factors and pain catastrophizing in men with CP/CPPS was serious. Furthermore, the prevalence of psychosocial symptom and pain catastrophizing was high. There might be a link between pain catastrophizing and somatic symptoms in CPPS. Thus, further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the importance of psychosocial factors in symptom severity of CP/CPPS.

Keywords: Chronic prostatitis (CP); catastrophizing; chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS); meta-analysis; psychosocial.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tau.2020.01.25). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of selection of eligible studies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Overall severity of the disease among men patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Overall severity of pain catastrophizing estimated by coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ) among men patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Overall severity of pain catastrophizing estimated by pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) among men patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Overall prevalence of psychological factors among men patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Overall prevalence of pain catastrophizing among men patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Anderson RU, Wise D, Nathanson BH. Chronic Prostatitis and/or Chronic Pelvic Pain as a Psychoneuromuscular Disorder-A Meta-analysis. Urology 2018;120:23-9. 10.1016/j.urology.2018.07.022 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Krsmanovic A, Tripp DA, Nickel JC, et al. Psychosocial mechanisms of the pain and quality of life relationship for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). Can Urol Assoc J 2014;8:403-8. 10.5489/cuaj.2179 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Riegel B, Bruenahl CA, Ahyai S, et al. Assessing psychological factors, social aspects and psychiatric co-morbidity associated with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) in men—a systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2014;77:333-50. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.09.012 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Magistro G, Wagenlehner FME, Grabe M, et al. Contemporary management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Eur Urol 2016;69:286-97. 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.08.061 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Polackwich AS, Shoskes DA. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a review of evaluation and therapy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2016;19:132-8. 10.1038/pcan.2016.8 - DOI - PubMed