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. 2021;12(2):463-475.
doi: 10.1007/s12671-020-01376-9. Epub 2020 May 11.

A Component Analysis of the Mindfulness-Based Positive Behavior Support (MBPBS) Program for Mindful Parenting by Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Nirbhay N Singh  1 , Giulio E Lancioni  2 , Oleg N Medvedev  3 , Yoon-Suk Hwang  4 , Rachel E Myers  5
Affiliations

A Component Analysis of the Mindfulness-Based Positive Behavior Support (MBPBS) Program for Mindful Parenting by Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Nirbhay N Singh et al. Mindfulness (N Y). 2021.

Abstract

Objectives: Mindfulness-Based Positive Behavior Support (MBPBS) has been shown to be effective in reducing stress and burnout in parents and professional caregivers of children and adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to assess the comparative effects of the mindfulness (MB) and positive behavior support (PBS) components against the MBPBS program for mindful parenting.

Methods: The study utilized a three-arm randomized controlled trial design, with a 10-week pre-treatment control condition, 30 weeks of intervention, and 3 years of post-intervention follow-up. Mothers of children with ASD were randomly assigned to the MB, PBS, and MBPBS conditions and provided 3 days of training specific to each condition. The effects of these programs were assessed on the mothers (i.e., training attendance, meditation time, perceived psychological stress) and spillover effects were assessed on their children with ASD (i.e., aggression, disruptive behavior, compliance with mothers' requests).

Results: Mothers in the MBPBS condition reported greater reductions in perceived psychological stress, followed by those in the MB condition, and with no significant changes reported by those in the PBS condition. Reduction in the children's aggression and disruptive behavior followed a similar pattern, with most to least significant reductions being in MBPBS, MB, and PBS condition, respectively. Significant increases in compliance (i.e., responsiveness to mothers' requests) were largest in the MBPBS condition, followed by MB, and then PBS. Changes across all variables for both mothers and their children were maintained for 3 years post-intervention. After time and training type were controlled for, meditation time was a significant predictor in reducing aggressive and disruptive behaviors, and in enhancing compliance of the children with mothers' requests.

Conclusions: Positive outcomes for mothers and their children with ASD were significantly greater in the MBPBS condition, followed by the MB condition, and least in the PBS condition. MBPBS appears to be an effective mindful parenting program on the assessed variables.

Keywords: Aggressive behaviors; Challenging behaviors; Compliance; Disruptive behaviors; MBPBS; Mindfulness; Perceived stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of InterestNirbhay N. Singh is the developer of the MBPBS program. The authors declare no conflict of interest and they do not work for, consult to, and own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Participant flow through the trial
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Mothers’ perceived stress mean scores during control, week 10, and week 40 of the intervention and 3-year follow-up. Error bars indicate standard errors of the mean
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Mean children’s daily aggressive events during control, intervention, and 3-year follow-up. Error bars indicate standard errors of the mean
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Mean children’s daily disruptive behavior during control, intervention, and 3-year follow-up. Error bars indicate standard errors of the mean
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Mean children’s daily percentage compliance during control, intervention, and 3-year follow-up. Error bars indicate standard errors of the mean
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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