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. 2021 Jul 15;73(2):226-234.
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa583.

Xpert Ultra Assay on Stool to Diagnose Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children

Senjuti Kabir  1 , S M Mazidur Rahman  1 , Shakil Ahmed  2 , Md Shamiul Islam  3   4 , Rupali Sisir Banu  4 , Hemant Deepak Shewade  5   6 , Pruthu Thekkur  5   6 , Sayeeda Anwar  7 , Nazneen Akhter Banu  8 , Rumana Nasrin  1 , Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin  1 , Sabrina Choudhury  1 , Shahriar Ahmed  1 , Kishor Kumar Paul  1   9 , Razia Khatun  1 , Mohammod Jobayer Chisti  10 , Sayera Banu  1
Affiliations

Xpert Ultra Assay on Stool to Diagnose Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children

Senjuti Kabir et al. Clin Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: The World Health Organization recommends the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children. Though stool is a potential alternative to respiratory specimens among children, the diagnostic performance of Xpert Ultra on stool is unknown. Thus, we assessed the diagnostic performance of Xpert Ultra on stool to diagnose PTB in children.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among consecutively recruited children (< 15 years of age) with presumptive PTB admitted in 4 tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, between January 2018 and April 2019. Single induced sputum and stool specimens were subjected to culture, Xpert, and Xpert Ultra. We considered children as bacteriologically confirmed on induced sputum if any test performed on induced sputum was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and bacteriologically confirmed if M. tuberculosis was detected on either induced sputum or stool.

Results: Of 447 children, 29 (6.5%) were bacteriologically confirmed on induced sputum and 72 (16.1%) were bacteriologically confirmed. With "bacteriologically confirmed on induced sputum" as a reference, the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert Ultra on stool were 58.6% and 88.1%, respectively. Xpert on stool had sensitivity and specificity of 37.9% and 100.0%, respectively. Among bacteriologically confirmed children, Xpert Ultra on stool was positive in 60 (83.3%), of whom 48 (80.0%) had "trace call."

Conclusions: In children, Xpert Ultra on stool has better sensitivity but lesser specificity than Xpert. A high proportion of Xpert Ultra assays positive on stool had trace call. Future longitudinal studies on clinical evolution are required to provide insight on the management of children with trace call.

Keywords: SORT IT; Xpert; Xpert Ultra; childhood TB; stool.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flowchart depicting the enrollment, investigation results, and treatment of children (< 15 years of age) with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to selected 4 tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 2018–April 2019 (N = 447). One stool specimen showed an invalid result on Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay. Abbreviations: +ve, positive; PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis; TB, tuberculosis.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Venn diagram depicting bacteriological confirmation using culture, Xpert MTB/RIF, and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assays on induced sputum and stool specimens from children (< 15 years of age) with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis enrolled from selected 4 tertiary care hospitals of Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 2018–April 2019 (N = 447).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

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