Use of Saliva for Diagnosis and Monitoring the SARS-CoV-2: A General Perspective

doi:10.3390/jcm9051491

Review

. 2020 May 15;9(5):1491.

doi: 10.3390/jcm9051491.

Use of Saliva for Diagnosis and Monitoring the SARS-CoV-2: A General Perspective

Jose J Ceron¹, Elsa Lamy², Silvia Martinez-Subiela¹, Pia Lopez-Jornet³, Fernando Capela E Silva⁴, Peter David Eckersall⁵, Asta Tvarijonaviciute¹

Affiliations

¹ Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
² Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Advanced Research and Training Institute (IIFA), University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
³ Department Stomatology School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Murcia, 30008 Adv Marques de los Velez s/n, Spain.
⁴ Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Technology. Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED). University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
⁵ Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.

PMID: 32429101
PMCID: PMC7290439
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051491

Review

Use of Saliva for Diagnosis and Monitoring the SARS-CoV-2: A General Perspective

Jose J Ceron et al. J Clin Med. 2020.

. 2020 May 15;9(5):1491.

doi: 10.3390/jcm9051491.

Authors

Jose J Ceron¹, Elsa Lamy², Silvia Martinez-Subiela¹, Pia Lopez-Jornet³, Fernando Capela E Silva⁴, Peter David Eckersall⁵, Asta Tvarijonaviciute¹

Affiliations

¹ Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
² Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Advanced Research and Training Institute (IIFA), University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
³ Department Stomatology School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Murcia, 30008 Adv Marques de los Velez s/n, Spain.
⁴ Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Technology. Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED). University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
⁵ Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.

PMID: 32429101
PMCID: PMC7290439
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051491

Abstract

In this report, updated information and future perspectives about the use of saliva as a sample for laboratory analysis of the Covid-19 are highlighted. Saliva can be used for the direct detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the quantification of the specific immunoglobulins produced against it, and for the evaluation of the non-specific, innate immune response of the patient. Moreover, a deeper knowledge of potential changes in the saliva proteome in this disease may allow the identification of new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, or even help our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the disease. With the development of appropriate sample collection and processing methods and the use of adequate assays, saliva can provide useful clinical information about the disease and could be potentially included in guidelines for sample collection for the diagnosis, disease management, and control of Covid-19.

Keywords: Covid-19; SARS; coronavirus; saliva.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Lamy E, Rubio CP, Carreira L, Capela E Silva F, Martinez-Subiela S, Tecles F, Lopez-Jornet P, Ceron JJ, Tvarijonaviciute A. Lamy E, et al. Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 8;12(1):9434. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13491-9. Sci Rep. 2022. PMID: 35676391 Free PMC article.
Development of an alternative saliva test for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 using TRIzol: Adapting to countries with lower incomes looking for a large-scale detection program.
Miranda-Ortiz H, Fernández-Figueroa EA, Ruíz-García EB, Muñoz-Rivas A, Méndez-Pérez A, Méndez-Galván J, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Gabiño-López B, Nava-Monroy R, López-Flores A la Torre A, López-Vergara Anaya T, Vilar-Compte D, Coquis-Navarrete U, Valdés-Reyes M, Sánchez-Montes S, Becker I. Miranda-Ortiz H, et al. PLoS One. 2021 Aug 18;16(8):e0255807. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255807. eCollection 2021. PLoS One. 2021. PMID: 34407100 Free PMC article.
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References

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1. Tvarijonaviciute A., Martinez-Subiela S., Lopez-Jornet P., Lamy E., editors. Saliva in Health and Disease. The Present and Future of A Unique Sample for Diagnosis. Springer Nature; Cham, Switzerland: 2020.
1. Contreras-Aguilar M.D., Escribano D., Martínez-Subiela S., Martínez-Miró S., Rubio M., Tvarijonaviciute A., Tecles F., Cerón J.J. Influence of the way of reporting alpha-amylase values in saliva in different naturalistic situations: A pilot study. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0180100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180100. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Sabino-Silva R., Jardim A.C.G., Siqueira W.L. Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis. Clin. Oral Investig. 2020;24:1–3. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03248-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Gabutti G., d’Anchera E., Sandri F., Savio M., Stefanati A. Coronavirus: Update Related to the Current Outbreak of COVID-19. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2020 doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00295-5. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Gabutti G., d’Anchera E., Sandri F., Savio M., Stefanati A. Coronavirus: Update Related to the Current Outbreak of COVID-19. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2020 doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00295-5. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Yan C.H., Faraji F., Prajapati D.P., Boone C.E., DeConde A.S. Association of chemosensory dysfunction and Covid-19 in patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms. Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020 doi: 10.1002/alr.22579. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Yan C.H., Faraji F., Prajapati D.P., Boone C.E., DeConde A.S. Association of chemosensory dysfunction and Covid-19 in patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms. Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020 doi: 10.1002/alr.22579. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Tvarijonaviciute A., Martinez-Subiela S., Lopez-Jornet P., Lamy E., editors. Saliva in Health and Disease. The Present and Future of A Unique Sample for Diagnosis. Springer Nature; Cham, Switzerland: 2020.

[6] Tvarijonaviciute A., Martinez-Subiela S., Lopez-Jornet P., Lamy E., editors. Saliva in Health and Disease. The Present and Future of A Unique Sample for Diagnosis. Springer Nature; Cham, Switzerland: 2020.

[7] Contreras-Aguilar M.D., Escribano D., Martínez-Subiela S., Martínez-Miró S., Rubio M., Tvarijonaviciute A., Tecles F., Cerón J.J. Influence of the way of reporting alpha-amylase values in saliva in different naturalistic situations: A pilot study. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0180100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180100. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Contreras-Aguilar M.D., Escribano D., Martínez-Subiela S., Martínez-Miró S., Rubio M., Tvarijonaviciute A., Tecles F., Cerón J.J. Influence of the way of reporting alpha-amylase values in saliva in different naturalistic situations: A pilot study. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0180100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180100. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Sabino-Silva R., Jardim A.C.G., Siqueira W.L. Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis. Clin. Oral Investig. 2020;24:1–3. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03248-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Sabino-Silva R., Jardim A.C.G., Siqueira W.L. Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis. Clin. Oral Investig. 2020;24:1–3. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03248-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Use of Saliva for Diagnosis and Monitoring the SARS-CoV-2: A General Perspective

Affiliations

Use of Saliva for Diagnosis and Monitoring the SARS-CoV-2: A General Perspective

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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Cited by

References

Publication types

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LinkOut - more resources

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