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. 2020 May 17;11(5):560.
doi: 10.3390/genes11050560.

The Q223R Polymorphism of the Leptin Receptor Gene as a Predictor of Weight Gain in Childhood Obesity and the Identification of Possible Factors Involved

Helena Marcos-Pasero  1 , Elena Aguilar-Aguilar  1 , Gonzalo Colmenarejo  2 , Ana Ramírez de Molina  3 , Guillermo Reglero  4   5 , Viviana Loria-Kohen  1
Affiliations

The Q223R Polymorphism of the Leptin Receptor Gene as a Predictor of Weight Gain in Childhood Obesity and the Identification of Possible Factors Involved

Helena Marcos-Pasero et al. Genes (Basel). .

Abstract

(1) Background: Childhood rapid weight gain during development has been postulated as a predictor of obesity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the annual weight gain and height growth, as well as identifying possible lifestyle factors involved. (2) Methods: As part of the GENYAL study, 221 children (6-8 years old) of Madrid (Spain) were enrolled. A total of 11 SNPs associated with high childhood body mass indexes (BMIs) were assessed. Anthropometric measurements, dietary and physical activity data, were collected in 2017 and 2018. Bonferroni-corrected linear models were used to fit the data. (3) Results: A significant association between the Q223R LEPR and the weight growth was found, showing a different behavior between GA and GG genotypes (p = 0.001). Regarding lifestyle factors, an interaction between Q223R genotypes and total active weekly hours/week to predict the weight growth (kg/year) was observed (p = 0.023). In all the genotypes, a beneficial effect against rapid weight growth was observed, but the effect size of the interaction was much more significant in homozygous (GG) minor homozygous (β = -0.61 (-0.95, -0.26) versus heterozygous (AG) and wild-type homozygous (AA) genotypes (β = -0.07 (-0.24, 0.09) and β = -0.12 (-0.32, 0.08), respectively). (4) Conclusions: These results may contribute to more personalized recommendations to prevent childhood obesity.

Keywords: LEPR; Q223R; childhood obesity; gene-environmental interaction; nutrition precision; weight growth rate.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Differences in schoolchildren’s nutritional status according to the wild-type homozygous (AA), heterozygous (AG), and homozygous (GG) genotypes of Q223R. The GG homozygous showed the highest prevalence of overweight plus obesity. The figures presented are taken from basal results (2017). Excess weight comprises obesity and overweight rates.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Interaction between Q223R genotypes and ΔTAWH (total active weekly hours/week) to predict weight growth (kg/year). In all the genotypes, a beneficial effect against rapid weight growth was observed with the increase of the time per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity in the schoolchildren, but the effect size of the interaction was much more significant in GG minor homozygous.
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