Full vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective means of public health interventions to prevent childhood deaths from infectious diseases. Although several fragmented studies have been conducted concerning full vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia, the pooled estimate has not been determined so far. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of full vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopian.

Methods: To find potentially relevant studies, we systematically searched five major databases (i.e., PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Science Direct). This review included community based cross-sectional studies reported in English language; had good quality, and published from the 1st of January 2000 to the 20th of November 2019. Data were analyzed using Stata™ Version 14.1 software. The pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented using forest plots. Higgins and Egger's tests were used to assess heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Primary estimates were pooled using a random effects meta-analysis model.

Results: Of the total of 851 identified articles 21 studies involving 12,094 children met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The included studies sample size ranged from 173 to 923. The lowest proportion of full vaccination coverage was reported from Afar Region [21% (95% CI: 18, 24%)], whereas the highest proportion of full vaccination coverage was reported from Amhara Region [73% (95% CI: 67, 79%)]. The overall prevalence of full vaccination coverage among children in Ethiopia was 60% (95% CI: 51, 69%).

Conclusions: Our finding suggested that six in every 10 children in Ethiopia were fully vaccinated. However, this finding is much lower than the World Health Organization recommended rate. Moreover, high regional variations in terms of full vaccination coverage across the country was observed. Therefore, a special attention should be given to improve the overall childhood vaccination coverage.

Keywords: Ethiopia; Meta-analysis; Systematic review; Vaccination coverage.

Fig. 1

PRISMA flow diagram which shows the selection of included studies for full vaccination coverage among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia, from 2000 to 2019

Fig. 2

Forest plot showing the proportion of full vaccination coverage among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia, from 2000 to 2019

Fig. 3

Forest plot showing the proportion of full vaccination coverage among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia, from 2000 to 2019 by time period

Fig. 4

Funnel plot to check publication bias of the full vaccination coverage among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia by sample size, and publication year of included studies