Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy versus thrombolysis in patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis - a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: This study sought to compare effectiveness and safety of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) and thrombolysis alone (THR) in patients with acute or subacute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (IfDVT). Patients and methods: Observational and randomized trials, published between January 2001 to February 2019 were identified by searching MEDLINE. Studies on deep venous thrombosis (DVT) treated with either THR or PMT adjunctive to conventional anticoagulation and compressive intervention were included. Meta-analysis of proportions was conducted to assess effectiveness outcomes of successful lysis and primary patency, post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), valvular reflux, recurrent DVT, as well as safety outcomes of major bleeding, hematuria, and pulmonary embolism. Results: Of 77 identified records, 17 studies including 1417 patients were eligible. Pooled proportion of successful lysis was similar between groups (THR: 95 % [I² = 68.4 %], PMT 96 %, [I² = 0 %]; Q_bet [Cochran's Q between groups] 0.3, p = 0.61). However, pooled proportion of 6-month primary patency was lower after THR than after PMT (68 % [I² = 15.6 %] versus 94 %; Q_bet 26.4, p < 0.001). Considerable heterogeneity within groups did not allow for between-group comparison of PTS and recurrent DVT. Major bleeding was more frequent after THR than after PMT (6.0 % [I² = 0 %] versus 1.0 % [I² = 0 %]; Q_bet 12.3, p < 0.001). Incidence of hematuria was lower after THR as compared to PMT (2 % [I² = 56 %] versus 91.3 % [I² = 91.7 %]; Q_bet 714, p < 0.001). Incidences of valvular reflux and pulmonary embolism were similar across groups (THR: 61 % versus PMT: 53 %; Q_bet 0.7, p = 0.39 and THR: 2 % versus PMT: 1 %; Q_bet 1.1, p = 0.30, respectively). Conclusions: In patients with iliofemoral DVT, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy was associated with a higher cumulative 6-month primary patency and a lower incidence of major bleeding compared to thrombolysis alone. Risk of hemolysis from mechanical thrombectomy needs further consideration.

Keywords: Thrombectomy; hematuria; hemolysis; iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis; post-thrombotic syndrome; pulmonary embolism; thrombolytic therapy.