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Review
. 2020 May 12:2020:7191080.
doi: 10.1155/2020/7191080. eCollection 2020.

Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis: Consequences for Therapy Development

Valentina Pegoretti  1 , Kathryn A Swanson  2 , John R Bethea  2 , Lesley Probert  3 , Ulrich L M Eisel  1 , Roman Fischer  4
Affiliations
Review

Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis: Consequences for Therapy Development

Valentina Pegoretti et al. Oxid Med Cell Longev. .

Abstract

CNS inflammation is a major driver of MS pathology. Differential immune responses, including the adaptive and the innate immune system, are observed at various stages of MS and drive disease development and progression. Next to these immune-mediated mechanisms, other mediators contribute to MS pathology. These include immune-independent cell death of oligodendrocytes and neurons as well as oxidative stress-induced tissue damage. In particular, the complex influence of oxidative stress on inflammation and vice versa makes therapeutic interference complex. All approved MS therapeutics work by modulating the autoimmune response. However, despite substantial developments in the treatment of the relapsing-remitting form of MS, approved therapies for the progressive forms of MS as well as for MS-associated concomitants are limited and much needed. Here, we summarize the contribution of inflammation and oxidative stress to MS pathology and discuss consequences for MS therapy development.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Approved and exploratory immunomodulatory and antioxidant therapeutic strategies to treat MS. MS pathological hallmarks are shown in grey and effect of the therapeutics in color.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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