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. 2020 May 22;9(5):668.
doi: 10.3390/foods9050668.

GC-MS Analysis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Achillea Odorata Subsp. Pectinata and Ruta Montana Essential Oils and Their Potential Use as Food Preservatives

Taoufiq Benali  1 , Khaoula Habbadi  2 , Abdelmajid Khabbach  3 , Ilias Marmouzi  4 , Gokhan Zengin  5 , Abdelhakim Bouyahya  6 , Imane Chamkhi  7 , Houda Chtibi  1 , Tarik Aanniz  8 , El Hassan Achbani  2 , Khalil Hammani  1
Affiliations

GC-MS Analysis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Achillea Odorata Subsp. Pectinata and Ruta Montana Essential Oils and Their Potential Use as Food Preservatives

Taoufiq Benali et al. Foods. .

Abstract

In order to discover new natural resources with biological properties, the chemical composition, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and the potential use as food preservative of essential oils of Moroccan Achillea odorata subsp. pectinata (AOpEO) and Ruta montana (RMEO) were studied. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of 21 and 25 compounds in AOpEO and RMEO, respectively. The results showed that the major compounds of AOpEO are camphor (45.01%), bornyl acetate (15.07%), borneol (11.33%), β-eudesmol (4.74%), camphene (3.58%), and 1.8-cineole (eucalyptol) (2.96%), whereas 2-undecanone (63.97%), camphor (3.82%) and cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (3.66%) were the main components of RMEO. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by diphenylpicrylhydraziyl radical (DPPH) and reducing power assays. The antimicrobial activities of essential oils were tested against bacterial strains and food contaminant yeast using agar disc diffusion and microdilution methods. A significant antimicrobial activity of AOpEO was observed against Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans, compared to RMEO. The efficacy of AOpEO was also evaluated in model food systems (cabbage and barley) artificially inoculated during storage. The results found that the adding of a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 4× MIC were potent in decreasing the Proteus mirabilis growth in food model systems. Our findings suggested that AOpEO may be potentially used as an alternative food preservative.

Keywords: Achillea odorata subsp. pectinata; Ruta montana; antimicrobial activity; essential oil; model food system.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scanning Electron Microscope micrographs of trichome from untreated leaves of Ruta montana (P, Peltate gland; NG, non-glandular; C, Distribution of trichomes on the leaf).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scanning Electron Microscope micrographs of trichome leaf from Achillea odorata subsp. pectinata (P, Peltate gland; C, Distribution of trichomes on the leaf).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chromatogram of gas chromatography analysis of Achillea odorata subsp. pectinata essential oil.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chromatogram of gas chromatography analysis of Ruta montana essential oil.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of MIC and 4× MIC of Achillea odorata subsp. pectinata essential oil on Proteus mirabilis (A) and Bacillus subtilis (B) in cabbage food system.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of MIC and 4× MIC of Achillea odorata subsp. pectinata essential oil on Proteus mirabilis (A) and Bacillus subtilis (B) in Barley food system.
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