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. 2020 May 22;10(5):997.
doi: 10.3390/nano10050997.

Chlortetracycline-Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles as a Colorimetric Probe for Aminoglycosides: Ultrasensitive Determination of Kanamycin and Streptomycin

Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale  1 , Rijuta Ganesh Saratale  2 , Gajanan Ghodake  3 , Surendra Shinde  3 , Dae-Young Kim  3 , Abdullah A Alyousef  4 , Mohammed Arshad  4 , Asad Syed  5 , Deepak Pant  6 , Han-Seung Shin  1
Affiliations

Chlortetracycline-Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles as a Colorimetric Probe for Aminoglycosides: Ultrasensitive Determination of Kanamycin and Streptomycin

Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

Aminoglycosides (AMGs) have been extensively used to treat infectious diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria in livestock and humans. A selective and sensitive colorimetric probe for the determination of streptomycin and kanamycin was proposed based on chlortetracycline-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-CTC) as the sensing element. Almost all of the tested aminoglycoside antibiotics can rapidly induce the aggregation of AgNPs, along with a color change from yellow to orange/red. The selective detection of aminoglycoside antibiotics, including tobramycin, streptomycin, amikacin, gentamicin, neomycin, and kanamycin, with other types of antibiotics, can be achieved by ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. This developed colorimetric assay has ability to detect various AMGs using in-depth surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies. With this determination of streptomycin and kanamycin was achieved at the picomolar level (pM) by using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. Under aqueous conditions, the linear range of the colorimetric sensor for streptomycin and kanamycin was 1000-1,1000 and 120-480 pM, respectively. The corresponding limit of detection was 2000 pM and 120 pM, respectively. Thus, the validated dual colorimetric and ratiometric method can find various analytical applications for the ultrasensitive and rapid detection of AMG antibiotics in water samples.

Keywords: aminoglycoside antibiotics; chlorotetracycline antibiotics; picomolar level sensitivity; silver nanoparticles; ultrasensitive detection; water samples.

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Conflict of interest statement

There is no conflict of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of temperature conditions on (a) ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrum of AgNPs, (b) absorbance intensity of AgNPs at 400 nm, (c) high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis image at 20 nm and (d) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum of synthesized AgNPs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
UV–vis spectra of chlortetracycline-coated silver nanoparticles after the addition of 100 nM of various antibiotics, including six types of aminoglycoside. One control with no antibiotics was included in the analysis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Streptomycin limit of detection analyzed using UV–vis spectrum and ratiometric results. Varying concentrations of streptomycin in water were added to chlortetracycline-coated silver nanoparticles in a final volume of 1 mL in the cuvette. (a) The UV–vis spectra obtained for each concentration of streptomycin and (b) the linear range observed for ratiometric measurement (A540/A400). The values represent the average of triplicates of each set.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Kanamycin limit of detection analyzed using UV–visible spectroscopy and ratiometric results. Varying concentrations of kanamycin in water were added to chlortetracycline-coated silver nanoparticles in a final volume of 1 mL in the cuvette. (a) The UV–vis spectra obtained for each concentration of kanamycin and (b) the linear range observed for ratiometric measurement (A540/A400). The values represent the average of triplicates of each set.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of ionic strength on absorbance intensity of the AgNPs probe recorded at 540 nm in the presence and absence of (a) streptomycin and (b) kanamycin.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Real-time absorbance response of the AgNPs probe recorded at (a) 400 nm and (b) 540 nm in the presence of streptomycin at the concentrations indicated.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Real-time absorbance response of the AgNPs probe recorded at (a) 400 nm and (b) 540 nm in the presence of kanamycin (120, 240, 360, and 480 pM).
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