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. 2020 May 23;9(5):450.
doi: 10.3390/antiox9050450.

Total Oxidant and Antioxidant Capacity of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Patients with Periodontitis: Review and Clinical Study

Joanna Toczewska  1 , Mateusz Maciejczyk  2 , Tomasz Konopka  1 , Anna Zalewska  3
Affiliations

Total Oxidant and Antioxidant Capacity of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Patients with Periodontitis: Review and Clinical Study

Joanna Toczewska et al. Antioxidants (Basel). .

Abstract

Periodontitis is inextricably linked to oxidative-reductive (redox) imbalance. However, little is still known about the resultant ability to scavenge oxygen free radicals in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontitis. The multitude of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and their synergistic effects cause an interest in the evaluation of the total antioxidative capacity. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the total oxidative and antioxidative activity of gingival crevicular fluid and saliva in the periodontitis, as well as to relate these biomarkers to clinical indices of periodontopathy. Additionally, by calculating the oxidative stress index (OSI), the intensity of redox disturbances was also evaluated. Fifty-eight periodontitis patients were included in the study and divided into two subgroups depending on the severity of the disease. In the non-stimulated/stimulated saliva as well as a gingival crevicular fluid of the study group, we found significantly higher OSI and total oxidant status (TOS) as well as lower total antioxidant capacity (TAC). However, the ability to reduce iron ions (FRAP) was significantly lower only in stimulated and non-stimulated saliva of patients with periodontitis. The examined parameters correlated with the periodontium's clinical condition, which indicates the exacerbation of the inflammatory process. However, TAC, TOS, OSI, and FRAP did not differentiate individual stages of periodontitis.

Keywords: gingival crevicular fluid; periodontal disease; saliva; salivary diagnostics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Concentrations of total oxidative status (TOS) in non-stimulated saliva (NS), stimulated saliva (S), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in all patient groups. *** p < 0.001 vs. control group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Concentrations of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in non-stimulated saliva (NS), stimulated saliva (S), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in all patient groups. *** p < 0.001 vs. control group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Concentrations of oxidative stress index (OSI) in non-stimulated saliva (NS), stimulated saliva (S), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in all patient groups. *** p < 0.001 vs. control group.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Concentrations of ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in non-stimulated saliva (NS), stimulated saliva (S), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in all patient groups. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. control group.
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