Monitoring Gas Exchange

Abstract

Critical illness can threaten the adequacy of O₂ delivery or CO₂ excretion. Monitoring seeks to identify the adequacy of oxygenation and ventilation and to detect deterioration early. Advances in oximetry, capnography, and transcutaneous CO₂ monitoring offer new opportunities for more accurate estimation of gas exchange, noninvasive monitoring of parameters previously not amenable (eg, total hemoglobin measurement), detection of disease, and prediction of fluid responsiveness.

Keywords: capnography; gas exchange; monitoring; pulse oximetry, transcutaneous; pulse spectroscopy.