Protecting children in low-income and middle-income countries from COVID-19

Salahuddin Ahmed^#^{1

2}, Tisungane Mvalo^#^{3

4}, Samuel Akech⁵, Ambrose Agweyu⁵, Kevin Baker⁶, Naor Bar-Zeev⁷, Harry Campbell^{2

8}, William Checkley⁹, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti¹⁰, Tim Colbourn¹¹, Steve Cunningham^{2

12}, Trevor Duke^{13

14

15}, Mike English^{5

16}, Adegoke G Falade¹⁷, Nicholas Ss Fancourt¹⁸, Amy S Ginsburg¹⁹, Hamish R Graham^{20

21}, Diane M Gray²², Madhu Gupta²³, Laura Hammitt⁷, Anneke C Hesseling²⁴, Shubhada Hooli²⁵, Abdul-Wahab Br Johnson²⁶, Carina King²⁷, Miles A Kirby^{28

29}, Claudio F Lanata^{30

31}, Norman Lufesi³², Grant A Mackenzie^{33

34

35}, John P McCracken³⁶, Peter P Moschovis³⁷, Harish Nair^{2

8}, Osawaru Oviawe³⁸, William S Pomat³⁹, Mathuram Santosham⁷, James A Seddon^{24

40}, Lineo Keneuoe Thahane^{41

42

43}, Brian Wahl⁷, Marieke Van der Zalm⁴⁴, Charl Verwey^{45

46}, Lay-Myint Yoshida⁴⁷, Heather J Zar^{48

49}, Stephen Rc Howie⁵⁰, Eric D McCollum^{51

52}

Affiliations

¹ Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
² NIHR Global Health Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), London, United Kingdom.
³ University of North Carolina Project Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
⁵ KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁶ Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom.
⁷ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
⁸ Center for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
⁹ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
¹⁰ Dhaka Hospital, Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
¹¹ Global Health Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
¹² Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
¹³ Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹⁴ Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹⁵ School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
¹⁶ Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
¹⁷ Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
¹⁸ Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
¹⁹ Clinical Trial Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.
²⁰ Centre for International Child Health, MCRI, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
²¹ Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
²² Division Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
²³ Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
²⁴ Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
²⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.
²⁶ Pulmonology & Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Ilorin/University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
²⁷ Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
²⁸ Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
²⁹ Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States.
³⁰ Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
³¹ Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
³² Community Health Sciences Unit, Malawi Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi.
³³ MRC Unit, The Gambia at LSHTM, Fajara, Gambia.
³⁴ Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, LSHTM, London, United Kingdom.
³⁵ Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³⁶ Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
³⁷ Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
³⁸ Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
³⁹ Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
⁴⁰ Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
⁴¹ Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation - Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.
⁴² Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
⁴³ The International Pediatric AIDS Initiative (BIPAI) at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
⁴⁴ Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴⁵ Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
⁴⁶ Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
⁴⁷ Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
⁴⁸ Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴⁹ SA-MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁵⁰ Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand emccoll3@jhmi.edu stephen.howie@auckland.ac.nz.
⁵¹ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA emccoll3@jhmi.edu stephen.howie@auckland.ac.nz.
⁵² Johns Hopkins Global Program in Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 32461228
PMCID: PMC7254117
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002844

Editorial

Protecting children in low-income and middle-income countries from COVID-19

Salahuddin Ahmed et al. BMJ Glob Health. 2020 May.

. 2020 May;5(5):e002844.

doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002844.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
² NIHR Global Health Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), London, United Kingdom.
³ University of North Carolina Project Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
⁵ KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁶ Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom.
⁷ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
⁸ Center for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
⁹ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
¹⁰ Dhaka Hospital, Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
¹¹ Global Health Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
¹² Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
¹³ Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹⁴ Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹⁵ School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
¹⁶ Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
¹⁷ Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
¹⁸ Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
¹⁹ Clinical Trial Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.
²⁰ Centre for International Child Health, MCRI, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
²¹ Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
²² Division Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
²³ Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
²⁴ Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
²⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.
²⁶ Pulmonology & Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Ilorin/University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
²⁷ Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
²⁸ Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
²⁹ Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States.
³⁰ Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
³¹ Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
³² Community Health Sciences Unit, Malawi Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi.
³³ MRC Unit, The Gambia at LSHTM, Fajara, Gambia.
³⁴ Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, LSHTM, London, United Kingdom.
³⁵ Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³⁶ Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
³⁷ Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
³⁸ Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
³⁹ Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
⁴⁰ Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
⁴¹ Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation - Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.
⁴² Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
⁴³ The International Pediatric AIDS Initiative (BIPAI) at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
⁴⁴ Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴⁵ Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
⁴⁶ Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
⁴⁷ Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
⁴⁸ Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴⁹ SA-MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁵⁰ Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand emccoll3@jhmi.edu stephen.howie@auckland.ac.nz.
⁵¹ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA emccoll3@jhmi.edu stephen.howie@auckland.ac.nz.
⁵² Johns Hopkins Global Program in Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 32461228
PMCID: PMC7254117
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002844

No abstract available

Keywords: child health; paediatrics; pneumonia; respiratory infections.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

References

1. Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, et al. . Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China. Pediatrics 2020:e20200702.10.1542/peds.2020-0702 - DOI - PubMed
1. Lu X, Zhang L, Du H, et al. . SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1663–5.10.1056/NEJMc2005073 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. CDC COVID-19 Response Team Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children - United States, February 12-April 2, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:422–6.10.15585/mmwr.mm6914e4 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Tagarro A, Epalza C, Santos M, et al. . Screening and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children in Madrid, Spain. JAMA Pediatr 2020. 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1346. [Epub ahead of print: 08 Apr 2020]. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. GBD 2017 Lower Respiratory Infections Collaborators Quantifying risks and interventions that have affected the burden of lower respiratory infections among children younger than 5 years: an analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20:60–79.10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30410-4 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Protecting children in low-income and middle-income countries from COVID-19

Affiliations

Protecting children in low-income and middle-income countries from COVID-19

Authors

Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical