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. 2021 Mar;25(3):841-849.
doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03371-9. Epub 2020 May 27.

Influence of de-remineralization process on chemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of human and bovine dentin

Tattiana Enrich-Essvein  1 , Cristina Benavides-Reyes  2 , Pedro Álvarez-Lloret  3 , María Victoria Bolaños-Carmona  4 , Alejandro B Rodríguez-Navarro  5 , Santiago González-López  2
Affiliations

Influence of de-remineralization process on chemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of human and bovine dentin

Tattiana Enrich-Essvein et al. Clin Oral Investig. 2021 Mar.

Abstract

Objectives: This study compared the chemical composition, microstructural, and mechanical properties of human and bovine dentin subjected to a demineralization/remineralization process.

Materials and methods: Human and bovine incisors were sectioned to obtain 120 coronal dentin beams (6 × 1 × 1 mm3) that were randomly allocated into 4 subgroups (n = 15) according to the time of treatment (sound, pH-cycling for 3, 7, and 14 days). Three-point bending mechanical test, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric (TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to characterize the dentin samples.

Results: Regarding chemical composition at the molecular level, bovine sound dentin showed significantly lower values in organic and inorganic content (collagen cross-linking, CO3/amide I, and CO3/PO4; p = 0.002, p = 0.026, and p = 0.002, respectively) compared to humans. Employing XRD analyses, a higher mineral crystallinity in human dentin than in bovines at 7 and 14 days (p = 0.003 and p = 0.009, respectively) was observed. At the end of the pH-cycling, CI (ATR-FTIR) and CO3/PO4 ratios (ATR-FTIR) increased, while CO3/amide I (ATR-FTIR), PO4/amide I (ATR-FTIR), and %mineral (TG) ratios decreased. The extension by compression values increased over exposure time with significant differences between dentin types (p < 0.001, in all cases), reaching higher values in bovine dentin. However, flexural strength (MPa) did not show differences between groups. We also observed the correlation between compositional variables (i.e., PO4/amide I, CI, and %mineral) and the extension by compression.

Conclusions: Human and bovine dentin are different in terms of microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical strength, and in their response to the demineralization/remineralization process by pH-cycling.

Clinical relevance: These dissimilarities may constitute a potential limitation when replacing human teeth with bovines in in vitro studies.

Keywords: Biomechanics; Bovine dentin; Chemical composition; Demineralization; Human dentin; Remineralization.

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