Impact of renal function on the immediate and long-term outcomes of percutaneous recanalization of coronary chronic total occlusions: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Renal impairment is associated with worse in-hospital and long-term outcomes after coronary artery revascularization, yet limited evidence is available on its impact on short- and long-term outcomes after chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature and subsequent random-effect meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) statement to evaluate the effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m², on CTO PCI. The outcomes of this study were in-hospital death, procedural failure, contrast-induced acute kidney injury and all-cause death at follow-up.

Results: Eight studies, with a total of 8439 patients (of whom 2256 had CKD) were included in the analysis. CKD was associated with higher technical (relative risk [RR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-1.82, p = .002) and procedural (risk ratio-RR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.00-1.96, p = .05) failure, higher in-hospital mortality (RR = 4.96, 95% CI 2.49-9.87 p < .001), bleeding complications (RR = 3.43, 95% CI 1.80-6.52, p < .001) and contrast-induced acute kidney injury (RR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.16-6.51, p = .001). CKD was also associated with higher all-cause mortality during long-term follow-up (RR = 3.56, 95% CI 1.08-5.99, p < .001).

Conclusion: Compared with patients with normal renal function, CKD is associated with lower success and higher risk of acute and long-term complications after CTO PCI. Kidney function should be considered during decision-making on CTO recanalization.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Chronic total occlusion; Complex PCI; Contrast-induced acute kidney injury; Percutaneous coronary intervention.