Usefulness of extra-articular ultrasound applied to systemic inflammatory diseases in clinical practice

Abstract

Ultrasound is a non-invasive, innocuous, reproducible, cost-efficient imaging technique that provides immediate information, as it can be performed in our consultations. The good profile of ultrasound and the technological advances that have taken place in recent years, which have allowed a substantial improvement in the resolution of the image to make it almost anatomical, have promoted research on its application in the comprehensive study of systemic inflammatory diseases. At present, the threshold of using ultrasound to exclusively investigate musculoskeletal manifestations has been crossed, to also apply it to the study of extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities associated with rheumatic diseases. In this review we will revise its usefulness for the diagnosis of glandular involvement in Sjögren's syndrome, interstitial lung disease or giant cell arteritis and for stratification of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

Keywords: Arteritis de células gigantes; Cardiovascular risk; Diagnosis; Diagnóstico; Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa; Giant cell arteritis; Glándula salival mayor; Interstitial lung disease; Major salivary gland; Riesgo cardiovascular; Ultrasonidos; Ultrasound.