Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Apr;28 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):858-866.
doi: 10.1111/odi.13447. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Coronaviridae-Old friends, new enemy!

Jair Carneiro Leao  1 , Teresa Paula de Lima Gusmao  2 , Adriana Machado Zarzar  1 , Jair Carneiro Leao Filho  3 , Andreza Barkokebas Santos de Faria  4 , Igor Henrique Morais Silva  5 , Luiz Alcino Monteiro Gueiros  1 , Narendran Andrew Robinson  6 , Stephen Porter  7 , Alessandra de Albuquerque Tavares Carvalho  1
Affiliations
Review

Coronaviridae-Old friends, new enemy!

Jair Carneiro Leao et al. Oral Dis. 2022 Apr.

Abstract

Coronaviridae is a family of single-stranded positive enveloped RNA viruses. This article aimed to review the history of these viruses in the last 60 years since their discovery to understand what lessons can be learned from the past. A review of the PubMed database was carried out, describing taxonomy, classification, virology, genetic recombination, host adaptation, and main symptoms related to each type of virus. SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the ongoing global pandemic, and SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were responsible for causing severe respiratory illness and regional epidemics in the past while the four other strains of CoVs (229-E OC43, NL63, and HKU1) circulate worldwide and normally only cause mild upper respiratory tract infections. Given the enormous diversity of coronavirus viruses in wildlife and their continuous evolution and adaptation to humans, future outbreaks would undoubtedly occur. Restricting or banning all trade in wild animals in wet markets would be a necessary measure to reduce future zoonotic infections.

Keywords: coronaviridae; coronavirus; covid-19.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Coronavirus: genera and species. (b) Human coronavirus
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Alanazi, K. H. , Killerby, M. E. , Biggs, H. M. , Abedi, G. R. , Jokhdar, H. , Alsharef, A. A. , … Watson, J. T. (2019). Scope and extent of healthcare‐associated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission during two contemporaneous outbreaks in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2017. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 40(1), 79–88. 10.1017/ice.2018.290 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alexopoulou, L. , Holt, A. C. , Medzhitov, R. , & Flavell, R. A. (2001). Recognition of double‐stranded RNA and activation of NF‐κB by Toll‐like receptor 3. Nature, 413(6857), 732–738. 10.1038/35099560 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Al‐Tawfiq, J. A. , Hinedi, K. , Ghandour, J. , Khairalla, H. , Musleh, S. , Ujayli, A. , & Memish, Z. A. (2014). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: A case‐control study of hospitalized patients. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 59(2), 160–165. 10.1093/cid/ciu226 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Angeletti, S. , Benvenuto, D. , Bianchi, M. , Giovanetti, M. , Pascarella, S. , & Ciccozzi, M. (2020). COVID‐2019: The role of the nsp2 and nsp3 in its pathogenesis. Journal of Medical Virology, 92(6), 584–588. 10.1002/jmv.25719 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research‐NUS . COVID‐19 Situation Report 80‐WHO 2020.https://sph.nus.edu.sg/covid‐19/research/Accessed April 20, 2020