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. 2020 May 13:11:339.
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00339. eCollection 2020.

Optical Biopsy of the Upper GI Tract Using Fluorescence Lifetime and Spectra

Zhaojun Nie  1 , Shu-Chi Allison Yeh  2 , Michelle LePalud  1 , Fares Badr  1 , Frances Tse  3 , David Armstrong  3 , Louis W C Liu  4 , M Jamal Deen  1   5 , Qiyin Fang  1   6
Affiliations

Optical Biopsy of the Upper GI Tract Using Fluorescence Lifetime and Spectra

Zhaojun Nie et al. Front Physiol. .

Abstract

Screening and surveillance for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers by endoscope guided biopsy is invasive, time consuming, and has the potential for sampling error. Tissue endogenous fluorescence spectra contain biochemical and physiological information, which may enable real-time, objective diagnosis. We first briefly reviewed optical biopsy modalities for GI cancer diagnosis with a focus on fluorescence-based techniques. In an ex vivo pilot clinical study, we measured fluorescence spectra and lifetime on fresh biopsy specimens obtained during routine upper GI screening procedures. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of rapid acquisition of time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) spectra from fresh GI mucosal specimens. We also identified spectroscopic signatures that can differentiate between normal mucosal samples obtained from the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

Keywords: diffuse reflectance; esophageal cancer; fiber optic probe; fluorescence spectroscopy; gastrointestinal; optical biopsy; time-resolved fluorescence.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
TRF instrument used for the clinical study (a): A schematic and picture of TRF spectroscopy system. A bifurcated fiber optics probe was used to collect signal. AOTF: acousto-optical tunable filter; L: plano-convex lens; F: long-pass filter (cut-off at 360 nm); M1/M2: mirrors; PMT: micro-channel plate photo-multiplier tube; AMF: amplifier. Bottom: endoscopic image showing the extent of the BE region. (b) A photograph of the optical biopsy system. (c) A representative endoscopic image of the esophagus.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Fluorescence characteristics of duodenum, antrum, stomach body, and esophagus. (A) Spectra; (B) lifetime; (C) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of classification between duodenum and esophagus using both spectral and lifetime features. The area under curve (AUC) is 0.95.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Fluorescence characteristics of normal esophagus (NE), dysplasia Barrett’s esophagus (DBE), and esophagitis tissue. (A) Spectra. (B) Lifetime. Data are presented as mean ± standard error.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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