Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Apr;93(2):175-180.
doi: 10.15386/mpr-1407. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a case-control study in 5 to 12 years old children

Fahimeh Soheilipour  1 , Sareh Shiri  2 , Hamid Reza Ahmadkhaniha  3 , Ebrahim Abdollahi  4 , Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini-Baharanchi  5
Affiliations

Risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a case-control study in 5 to 12 years old children

Fahimeh Soheilipour et al. Med Pharm Rep. 2020 Apr.

Abstract

Background and aims: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder known by a pattern of diminished sustained attention and increased impulsivity or hyperactivity. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with ADHD.

Methods: This case-control study included 297 ADHD children aged 5-12 years admitted to Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran (2012-2013). They were compared with 297 non-ADHD (as controls matched to cases 1:1) who were of the same age (±1 years) selected from outpatients in general pediatric medical centers in Tehran. ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV)-Home Version was used to confirm ADHD. Data were analyzed using conditional binary logistic regression.

Results: Mean±SD age were 8.18±3.11 and 8.11±2.9 years in the case and control groups, respectively (P=0.61). Mean±SD birth weight (BW) was higher in ADHD patients compared with the controls (3245.09±0.66 vs 3026.56±0.45 gr, P=0.045). The results showed that odds of ADHD in children with high BW (>3500g) was 3.36 (1.96-5.78) times the odds of ADHD in normal BW children (2500-3500g) controlling for other risk factors. ADHD risk in low BW children (<2500 g) was not statistically different compared with normal BW children [OR:1.74 (0.7-3.7)]. Experience of neonatal disease, fewer offspring, lower level of mothers' education, and preterm delivery were also risk factors for higher odds of ADHD.

Conclusion: Based on our sample, preterm birth, neonatal disease, high BW, lower level of mother's education, and fewer offspring were ADHD risk factors.

Keywords: attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity; birth weight; logistic models; risk factor.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 2013. pp. 31–35.
    1. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000. pp. 3560–3571.
    1. Oyebode F. Sims’ Symptoms in the Mind: Textbook of Descriptive Psychopathology. 6th ed. Edinburgh: Saunders/Elsevier; 2015. pp. 45–58.
    1. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan & Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/clinical Psychiatry. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2015. pp. 4177–4202.
    1. de Graaf-Peters VB, Hadders-Algra M. Ontogeny of the human central nervous system: what is happening when? Early Hum Dev. 2006;82:257–266. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources