Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals and the impact on willingness to donate organs: a tertiary hospital survey

Abstract

Introduction: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in critical care areas play an important role in the organ donation (OD) process. We studied HCPs' own willingness to be organ donors and its association with sociodemographic factors as well as their knowledge and attitudes about OD and transplantation.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of HCPs working in four critical care units in a major transplant centre in Malaysia was undertaken using a validated structured questionnaire. Responses were analysed using multivariable analysis with willingness to donate as the dependent variable.

Results: Of the 412 respondents (response rate 98.1%), the majority were nurses (60.4%), Malay (71.1%) and female (77.2%). Overall, 68.0% were willing to donate. The independent predictors of willingness to donate were profession (p < 0.001) and the Hindu religion (p = 0.001). Ethnicity (p = 0.003), religious belief (p < 0.001), knowledge (p = 0.016), belief in brain death (p = 0.018) and confidence in transplantation (p < 0.001) also independently correlated with willingness to donate, while attitudes to OD did not. Of those willing to donate, only 37.3% were carrying a donor card and only 63.1% had informed their family of their intention to donate.

Conclusion: Although willingness to donate was higher in critical care HCPs than HCPs in general, significant knowledge gaps as well as certain beliefs and perceptions that could pose a barrier to OD were identified in this group. Measures to improve OD rates in Malaysia should include targeted educational programmes for HCPs working in critical care areas.

Keywords: brain death; critical care; health personnel; organ transplantation; tissue and organ procurement.