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. 2020 Jun;15(2):283-289.
doi: 10.5114/wiitm.2020.94347. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Incidence and severity of Visually Induced motion Sickness during 3D laparoscopy In Operators who had No experience with it (VISION)

Young Gi Han  1 , Taejong Song  1 , Hyuna Kang  1 , Du-Young Kang  2 , Tae Yun Oh  2
Affiliations

Incidence and severity of Visually Induced motion Sickness during 3D laparoscopy In Operators who had No experience with it (VISION)

Young Gi Han et al. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne. 2020 Jun.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) during 3D laparoscopy, in operators without prior experience.

Material and methods: Design: A retrospective comparative study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting: A university hospital. Intervention: Gynecologic surgery. Main outcome measure: This is a prospective observational study, which enrolled 9 surgeons as participants. None of these surgeons had any prior experience with 3D laparoscopy. Each participant performed 10 consecutive cases of 3D laparoscopy in patients with benign or premalignant gynecological diseases. The primary outcome measure was the incidence and severity of VIMS, which was evaluated using the validated Simulator Sickness Questionnaire. Personal preferences, discomfort, and ease of 3D laparoscopy were also evaluated.

Results: Sixty-seven percent of surgeons experienced VIMS during their first 3D laparoscopy case. The incidence and severity of VIMS dramatically decreased from the second case onward. However, in some surgeons (22-44%), VIMS did not completely disappear until the tenth case. With respect to the discomfort using 3D laparoscopy, 84 self-reported responses after each surgery were "favor 3D laparoscopy," and "no" in 61 (72.6%) and 47 (55.9%) participants, respectively. Most participants found it easier to perform 3D laparoscopy than 2D laparoscopy.

Conclusions: The occurrence of visually induced symptoms in susceptible individuals during 3D laparoscopy is high, particularly during their first case. This suggests the need for increasing surgeons' awareness regarding the possibility of discomfort.

Keywords: 3D; laparoscopy; visual discomfort; visually induced motion sickness.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Each surgeon’s position during 3D laparoscopy in an operating room
Figure 2
Figure 2
Incidence of vision-induced motion sickness (VIMS) over time
Figure 3
Figure 3
Severity of vision-induced motion sickness over time: A – all participants (n = 9), B – one attending surgeon. Visually induced motion sickness was assessed using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), in which higher score indicates worse sickness
Figure 4
Figure 4
Personal preference, discomfort, and ease of 3D laparoscopy: A – number of responses favoring 3D imaging, B – number of responses feeling discomfort using 3D imaging, C – ease of 3D over 2D laparoscopy
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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