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Book

Eastern Equine Encephalitis

Cecilia Banda  1 , Debbie Tristram  2 , Debopam Samanta  3
In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.
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Book

Eastern Equine Encephalitis

Cecilia Banda et al.
Free Books & Documents

Excerpt

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) ranks among the most severe arboviral encephalitides in the Americas. Classified as an emerging infection, reports indicate a gradual increase in incidence alongside an expanding geographic distribution. In the United States, 6 to 8 cases occur annually, predominantly from May through October, with the highest concentrations reported in Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Wisconsin, and New Jersey.[CDC. Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Historical Data. June 3, 2025] Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) also represents a potential bioterrorism threat due to its capability for aerosol transmission. The disease exhibits a case-fatality rate of approximately 30%, while more than half of survivors experience substantial long-term neurologic sequelae.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: Cecilia Banda declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Debbie Tristram declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Debopam Samanta declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

References

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    1. Garlick J, Lee TJ, Shepherd P, Linam WM, Pastula DM, Weinstein S, Schexnayder SM. Locally Acquired Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Disease, Arkansas, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Dec;22(12):2216-2217. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Trobaugh DW, Ryman KD, Klimstra WB. Can understanding the virulence mechanisms of RNA viruses lead us to a vaccine against eastern equine encephalitis virus and other alphaviruses? Expert Rev Vaccines. 2014 Dec;13(12):1423-5. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Oliver J, Lukacik G, Kokas J, Campbell SR, Kramer LD, Sherwood JA, Howard JJ. Twenty years of surveillance for Eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes in New York State from 1993 to 2012. Parasit Vectors. 2018 Jun 25;11(1):362. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Morens DM, Folkers GK, Fauci AS. Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus - Another Emergent Arbovirus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 21;381(21):1989-1992. - PubMed

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