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. 2020 Jan-Dec:19:1534735419900930.
doi: 10.1177/1534735419900930.

Anticancer and Apoptogenic Effect of Graviola and Low-Dose Radiation in Tumor Xenograft in Mice

Ghada A El Tawiil  1 , Eman Ali Noaman  1 , Mostafa A Askar  1 , Neama Mohamed El Fatih  1 , Hebatallah E Mohamed  1
Affiliations

Anticancer and Apoptogenic Effect of Graviola and Low-Dose Radiation in Tumor Xenograft in Mice

Ghada A El Tawiil et al. Integr Cancer Ther. 2020 Jan-Dec.

Abstract

Background:Annona muricata (graviola) has been claimed for its potential against various diseases including cancer. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of graviola extract on Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) mice along with or without a low dose of γ radiation (LDR). Methods: Mice were treated with graviola 50 mg/kg body weight orally for 30 days after EST induction and exposed to γ-ray (2 Gy/week for 3 weeks). Cell cycle, CD44, TGF-β, Bcl-2, and annexin V were determined in tumor tissue. Results: The result obtained showed a significant decrease (P < .05) of tumor size in 28 graviola-treated EST-bearing mice group (EG) or graviola-treated and irradiated EST-30-bearing mice (EGR) groups versus the EST group. The large number of cells in the sub-G0/G1 population and low cell number at S and M phases signify tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of cell division in EG or EGR groups. Additionally, significant increases in the expression of CD44 and TGF-β were recorded in EST mice as compared with EG or EGR mice. Furthermore, EST mice exhibited a decrease in the apoptotic marker annexin v and increase in antiapoptotic Bcl-2 compared with EG and EGR mice. Conclusion: It could be suggested that graviola exerts its antitumor effect throughout the regulation of the tumor cell cycle as well as inducing apoptotic signals. The combined treatment of graviola and LDR augments their effect on tumor proliferation.

Keywords: anticancer; apoptogenic; graviola; low-dose radiation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Animal mortalities, tumor weight, tumor volume, and tumor growth inhibition in differently treated groups.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Flowchart showing the percentage CD44, TGF-β, and Bcl-2 expression.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Flowchart showing the cell cycle analysis in experimental groups.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Flowchart showing Annexin V in experimental groups.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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