Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: should they be used as standard therapy?

doi:10.1007/s10067-020-05202-4

Review

. 2020 Aug;39(8):2461-2465.

doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05202-4. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: should they be used as standard therapy?

Sebastián Ibáñez^{1

2}, Oriela Martínez³, Francisca Valenzuela³, Francisco Silva^{4

3}, Omar Valenzuela^{4

3}

Affiliations

¹ Medicine Faculty Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Manquehue Norte 1410, piso 7,, 7650567, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile. sibanez@alemana.cl.
² Rheumatology Department, Padre Hurtado Hospital, Santiago, Chile. sibanez@alemana.cl.
³ Rheumatology Department, Padre Hurtado Hospital, Santiago, Chile.
⁴ Medicine Faculty Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Manquehue Norte 1410, piso 7,, 7650567, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile.

PMID: 32495226
PMCID: PMC7267470
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05202-4

Review

Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: should they be used as standard therapy?

Sebastián Ibáñez et al. Clin Rheumatol. 2020 Aug.

. 2020 Aug;39(8):2461-2465.

doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05202-4. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Authors

Sebastián Ibáñez^{1

2}, Oriela Martínez³, Francisca Valenzuela³, Francisco Silva^{4

3}, Omar Valenzuela^{4

3}

Affiliations

¹ Medicine Faculty Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Manquehue Norte 1410, piso 7,, 7650567, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile. sibanez@alemana.cl.
² Rheumatology Department, Padre Hurtado Hospital, Santiago, Chile. sibanez@alemana.cl.
³ Rheumatology Department, Padre Hurtado Hospital, Santiago, Chile.
⁴ Medicine Faculty Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Manquehue Norte 1410, piso 7,, 7650567, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile.

PMID: 32495226
PMCID: PMC7267470
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05202-4

Abstract

The pandemic of the new coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has urged the nations to an unprecedented world-wide reaction, including an accelerated exploration of therapeutic options. In the absence of a vaccine and specifically designed antivirals, the medical community has proposed the use of various previously available medications in order to reduce the number of patients requiring prolonged hospitalizations, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation and to decrease mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are among the proposed drugs and are the most widely used so far, despite the lack of robust evidence on their usefulness. The objective of this article is to review and discuss the possible role of these drugs in the therapy of COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Chloroquine; Hydroxychloroquine; SARS-CoV-2.

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References

1. Devaux CA, Rolain J-M, Colson P, Raoult D. New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19? Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;105938:105938. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Schrezenmeier E, Dörner T. Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020;16:155–166. doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0372-x. - DOI - PubMed
1. Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends. 2020;14:72–73. doi: 10.5582/bst.2020.01047. - DOI - PubMed
1. Kwiek JJ, Haystead TAJ, Rudolph J. Kinetic mechanism of quinone oxidoreductase 2 and its inhibition by the antimalarial quinolines. Biochemistry. 2004;43:4538–4547. doi: 10.1021/bi035923w. - DOI - PubMed
1. Olofsson S, Kumlin U, Dimock K, Arnberg N. Avian influenza and sialic acid receptors: more than meets the eye? Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:184–188. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)01311-3. - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Devaux CA, Rolain J-M, Colson P, Raoult D. New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19? Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;105938:105938. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Devaux CA, Rolain J-M, Colson P, Raoult D. New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19? Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;105938:105938. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Schrezenmeier E, Dörner T. Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020;16:155–166. doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0372-x. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Schrezenmeier E, Dörner T. Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020;16:155–166. doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0372-x. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends. 2020;14:72–73. doi: 10.5582/bst.2020.01047. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends. 2020;14:72–73. doi: 10.5582/bst.2020.01047. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Kwiek JJ, Haystead TAJ, Rudolph J. Kinetic mechanism of quinone oxidoreductase 2 and its inhibition by the antimalarial quinolines. Biochemistry. 2004;43:4538–4547. doi: 10.1021/bi035923w. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Kwiek JJ, Haystead TAJ, Rudolph J. Kinetic mechanism of quinone oxidoreductase 2 and its inhibition by the antimalarial quinolines. Biochemistry. 2004;43:4538–4547. doi: 10.1021/bi035923w. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Olofsson S, Kumlin U, Dimock K, Arnberg N. Avian influenza and sialic acid receptors: more than meets the eye? Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:184–188. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)01311-3. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Olofsson S, Kumlin U, Dimock K, Arnberg N. Avian influenza and sialic acid receptors: more than meets the eye? Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:184–188. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)01311-3. - DOI - PubMed

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Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: should they be used as standard therapy?

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Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: should they be used as standard therapy?

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