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Review
. 2020 Feb 12:35:37.
doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.37.18323. eCollection 2020.

Antibiotic resistance patterns in human, animal, food and environmental isolates in Ghana: a review

Pilar García-Vello  1 , Bruno González-Zorn  2 , Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba  3
Affiliations
Review

Antibiotic resistance patterns in human, animal, food and environmental isolates in Ghana: a review

Pilar García-Vello et al. Pan Afr Med J. .

Abstract

Many articles have been published on resistant microorganisms isolated from humans, animals, foods and the environment in Ghana. However, there are no reviews that summarize the information on the isolates and antibiotics tested so far in the country. This literature review was completed through "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" searches. We included publications from the period 1975-2015 with a laboratory-based methodology to determine antibiotic resistance of strains isolated in Ghana. In total, 60 articles were included in the analysis with 10% of the articles carrying out nationwide research on antibiotic resistance. The regions of Ghana with the highest published articles were Greater Accra (40%), Ashanti (21.7%) and Northern Region (10%). Most of the studies (86.7%) were related to isolates collected from human samples followed by environmental (5%), animal (3%) and food samples (2%). Ten different bacteria genera were observed in the studies. The most common was Escherichia coli, followed by Staphylococcus spp., Mycobacterium spp. and Streptococcus spp. The highest mean resistance rate was encountered in Escherichia coli (62.2%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (60.4%) and Pseudomonas spp. (52.1%). High resistance rates have been found in Ghana, however, the data are skewed and some regions of the country have been neglected. There is a need for higher quality research to establish and monitor resistance patterns in Upper West, Brong-Ahafo, Volta and Eastern Regions of Ghana.

Keywords: Ghana; Infections; antibiotic resistance; public health.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Selection of records for the analysis
Figure 2
Figure 2
Ghana map
Figure 3
Figure 3
Geographical distribution of the studies
Figure 4
Figure 4
Type of samples included in the studies
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. World Health Organization Antimicrobial resistance. 2018. Access November 2019.
    1. World Health Organization (WHO) Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO); 2019. Access November 2019.
    1. Center for disease control Drug Resistance. 2017. Access November 2019.
    1. Cosgrove SE, Avdic E, Dzintars K, Smith J. Treatment recommendations for adult inpatients: antibiotic Guidelines 2015-2016. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Medicine Press; 2015. p. 163.
    1. World Health Organization Growing antibiotic resistance forces updates to recommended treatment for sexually transmitted infections. 2016. Access November 2019.

MeSH terms

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