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Review
. 2022 Jan;43(1):182-193.
doi: 10.1002/hbm.25040. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Neuroimaging studies within Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization aiming to replicate and extend works of ENIGMA

Daisuke Koshiyama  1 , Kenichiro Miura  2 , Kiyotaka Nemoto  3 , Naohiro Okada  1   4 , Junya Matsumoto  2 , Masaki Fukunaga  5 , Ryota Hashimoto  2
Affiliations
Review

Neuroimaging studies within Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization aiming to replicate and extend works of ENIGMA

Daisuke Koshiyama et al. Hum Brain Mapp. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

Reproducibility is one of the most important issues for generalizing the results of clinical research; however, low reproducibility in neuroimaging studies is well known. To overcome this problem, the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium, an international neuroimaging consortium, established standard protocols for imaging analysis and employs either meta- and mega-analyses of psychiatric disorders with large sample sizes. The Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization (COCORO) in Japan promotes neurobiological studies in psychiatry and has successfully replicated and extended works of ENIGMA especially for neuroimaging studies. For example, (a) the ENIGMA consortium showed subcortical regional volume alterations in patients with schizophrenia (n = 2,028) compared to controls (n = 2,540) across 15 cohorts using meta-analysis. COCORO replicated the volumetric changes in patients with schizophrenia (n = 884) compared to controls (n = 1,680) using the ENIGMA imaging analysis protocol and mega-analysis. Furthermore, a schizophrenia-specific leftward asymmetry for the pallidum volume was demonstrated; and (b) the ENIGMA consortium identified white matter microstructural alterations in patients with schizophrenia (n = 1,963) compared to controls (n = 2,359) across 29 cohorts. Using the ENIGMA protocol, a study from COCORO showed similar results in patients with schizophrenia (n = 696) compared to controls (n = 1,506) from 12 sites using mega-analysis. Moreover, the COCORO study found that schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (n = 211) and autism spectrum disorder (n = 126), but not major depressive disorder (n = 398), share similar white matter microstructural alterations, compared to controls. Further replication and harmonization of the ENIGMA consortium and COCORO will contribute to the generalization of their research findings.

Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); mega-analysis; meta-analysis; neuroimaging; psychiatric disorders; reproducibility; schizophrenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Institutions of the Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization (COCORO). The Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization (COCORO) consists of many psychiatric facilities in Japan. COCORO means “Mind” in Japanese. There are 39 institutes participating in COCORO. The purpose of COCORO is to elucidate the mechanisms of psychiatric disorders and brain functions. Abbreviations: Med, Medical; NCNP, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; NIPS, National Institute for Physiological Sciences; Psy Cen, Psychiatric Center; QST, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology; Riken BSI, Riken Brain Science Institute; Tokyo Metro Inst, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; Univ, University; UOEH, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Development of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium studies in the Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization (COCORO)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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