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. 2020 Sep 5:754:144850.
doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144850. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

The effect of different types of exercise training on diet-induced obesity in rats, cross-talk between cell cycle proteins and apoptosis in testis

Javad Tolouei Azar  1 , Aref Habibi Maleki  2 , Sana Moshari  3 , Mazdak Razi  4
Affiliations

The effect of different types of exercise training on diet-induced obesity in rats, cross-talk between cell cycle proteins and apoptosis in testis

Javad Tolouei Azar et al. Gene. .

Abstract

Obesity is associated with germ cell apoptosis, spermatogenesis arrest, and testicular endocrine suppression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the crosstalk between germ cell apoptosis and cell cycle machinery in sedentary and obese rats after moderate-intensity continuous (MICT), high-intensity continuous (HICT) and High-intensity interval (HIIT) exercise trainings. Male Wistar rats (n = 30) were randomly divided into 5 groups; the control, sedentary high-fat diet (HFD)-received (HFD-sole), MICT, HICT and HIIT-induced HFD-received groups. The serum levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, triglyceride, and testosterone, mRNA and protein levels of Cyclin D1, Cdk4, p21, apoptotic cell number/mm2 of testicular tissue and testicular DNA fragmentation ratio were investigated. The obese animals in HFD-sole group represented a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in serum HDL-C and testosterone levels, Cyclin D1, Cdk4 expressions, and exhibited a remarkable (p < 0.05) increment in LDL-C, triglyceride, p21 expression, apoptotic cell number and DNA fragmentation ratio versus control animals. However, the animals in MICT, HICT, HIIT groups exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) increment in serum HDL-C and testosterone, Cyclin D1 and Cdk4 expressions and showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in serum LDL-C and triglyceride, p21 expression, apoptotic cell number and DNA fragmentation versus the HFD-sole group. In conclusion, a crosslink between cell cycle machinery and apoptosis of germ cells was revealed in the testicles of HFD-sole animals, and MICT, HICT and HIIT could ameliorate the obesity-induced impairments, respectively. This effect may be attributed to the effect of exercise training protocols on maintaining Cyclin D1 and Cdk4 and suppressing p21 expression levels in the testicles.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Cell cycle machinery; Exercise training; Obesity; Spermatogenesis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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