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. 2020 May 14:2020:9501617.
doi: 10.1155/2020/9501617. eCollection 2020.

TREM-1 and TREM-2 Expression on CD14+ Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in the Context of T Cell Immune Response

M Suchankova  1 , J Urban  2 , M Ganovska  2 , E Tibenska  3 , K Szaboova  3 , E Tedlova  4 , F Sandor  4 , I Majer  4 , M Bobovcak  5 , I Jonner  2 , B Konig  6   7 , M Bucova  1
Affiliations

TREM-1 and TREM-2 Expression on CD14+ Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in the Context of T Cell Immune Response

M Suchankova et al. Mediators Inflamm. .

Abstract

Background: Sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) are immunologically mediated processes caused by hypersensitivity reaction accompanied by similar features including lymphocytic alveolitis and granuloma formation. Recent studies describe the role of TREM receptors in T cell activation, differentiation, and granuloma formation. Alveolar macrophages activation via TREM receptors may be the key factor mediating subsequent immune response. The aim of the study was to analyse TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression to identify further molecular mechanisms participating in the immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis and HP.

Methods: Flow cytometry was performed to analyse TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression on CD14+ cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients having sarcoidosis or HP and a control group.

Results: The study proved increased TREM-1 expression on alveolar macrophages in pulmonary sarcoidosis and diminished TREM-1 expression in HP-Sarcoidosis: median: 76.7; HP: median: 29.9; control: median: 53.3, (sarcoidosis versus HP: p < 0.001; sarcoidosis versus control: p < 0.05). TREM-2 expression was increased in both, sarcoidosis and HP-sarcoidosis: median: 34.79; HP: median: 36.00; control: median: 12.98, (sarcoidosis versus control: p < 0.05; HP versus control: p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed negative correlation between TREM-1 and total number of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. In sarcoidosis TREM-1 expression decreased with changes of HRCT image, decrease in CD4/CD8 ratio and decrease in DLCO.

Conclusions: Differences in TREM receptor expression in sarcoidosis (increase in TREM-1 and TREM-2) and HP (increase in TREM-2) and correlation analysis suggests that activation via TREM may participate in typical immunological characteristics of sarcoidosis and HP.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression. (a) Percentage of TREM-1+CD14+ cells, (b) TREM-1 MFI, (c) percentage of TREM-2+ CD14+ cells, (d) TREM-2 MFI. HP: hypersensitivity pneumonitis; CG: control group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Decrease in percentage of TREM-1+ CD14+ cells. (b) Decrease in percentage of CD4+ T cells. (c) Increase in percentage of CD8+ T cells. (d) Decrease in diffusing capacity of lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) in relationship with HRCT changes acquired from type Ia to type IIb. Ia-hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy with no pulmonary infiltrates; Ib-hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and solitary nodules; IIa-hilar and mediastinal lymfadenopathy and numerous small pulmonary nodules building clusters in typical areas for sarcoidosis; IIb-hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pulmonary infiltrates or ground glass opacity.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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