Clinical Utility of Platelet Count for Screening of Malaria

Abstract

Light microscopy, immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests and molecular methods are widely used to diagnose malaria. The aim of this study was to find variables among commonly available urgent blood tests to identify patients with low probability of having malaria in small-scale healthcare facilities in which none of the described methods is feasible within a short time. Diagnosis of malaria was made by examining both stained thick and thin blood films by light microscopy. Two hundred and eleven samples were included. Reduced platelet count and increased values of C-reactive protein (CRP) and total bilirubin were the variables most strongly associated with malaria (P<0.0001). The best screening cut-off values obtained by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for a negative result for malaria were: platelets ≥185,000 cells/μl; CRP ≤2 mg/dl; total bilirubin ≤0.28 mg/dl. The logistic regression model of log-transformed variables showed how platelet count was the only independent variable related to the odds of having a negative blood film result for malaria (odds ratio: 2.621; 95% confidence interval: 1.441-4.768; P=0.002). A platelet count of ≥185,000 cells/μl can be considered a screening value to identify patients with high-probability of a negative blood film result for malaria.

Keywords: Biostatistics; Diagnosis; Malaria; Microbiology; Platelet Count.