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Review
. 2020 Jun 4;21(11):4012.
doi: 10.3390/ijms21114012.

Gastric Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Genomic Characteristics and Treatment Strategies

Julita Machlowska  1   2 , Jacek Baj  2 , Monika Sitarz  3 , Ryszard Maciejewski  2 , Robert Sitarz  2   4
Affiliations
Review

Gastric Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Genomic Characteristics and Treatment Strategies

Julita Machlowska et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and it is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. GC is a multifactorial disease, where both environmental and genetic factors can have an impact on its occurrence and development. The incidence rate of GC rises progressively with age; the median age at diagnosis is 70 years. However, approximately 10% of gastric carcinomas are detected at the age of 45 or younger. Early-onset gastric cancer is a good model to study genetic alterations related to the carcinogenesis process, as young patients are less exposed to environmental carcinogens. Carcinogenesis is a multistage disease process specified by the progressive development of mutations and epigenetic alterations in the expression of various genes, which are responsible for the occurrence of the disease.

Keywords: H. pylori; adjuvant chemotherapy; gastric cancer; incidence; molecular markers; mortality; targeted therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Risk factors for GC development.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Onsets of gastric cancer development.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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