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Review
. 2020 Jun 6;10(6):82.
doi: 10.3390/life10060082.

State-of-the-Art: Inflammatory and Metabolic Markers in Mood Disorders

Federico Mucci  1   2 , Donatella Marazziti  1 , Alessandra Della Vecchia  1 , Stefano Baroni  1 , Paolo Morana  3 , Barbara Carpita  2 , Paola Mangiapane  3 , Florinda Morana  3 , Benedetto Morana  3 , Liliana Dell'Osso  1
Affiliations
Review

State-of-the-Art: Inflammatory and Metabolic Markers in Mood Disorders

Federico Mucci et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

Mounting evidence highlights the involvement of inflammatory/immune systems and their relationships with neurotransmitters and different metabolic processes in mood disorders. Nevertheless, there is a general agreement that available findings are still inconclusive. Therefore, further investigations are required, aimed at deepening the role of possible alterations of biomarkers in the pathophysiology of mood disorders that might lead to more focused and tailored treatments. The present study is a comprehensive review on these topics that seem to represent intriguing avenues for the development of real innovative therapeutic strategies of mood disorders.

Keywords: hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis; immune system; mood disorders; neuro-inflammation; neurotransmitters/neuroreceptors; neurotrophins; oxidative stress; serotonin; uric acid.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Article Selection Flow Chart.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Complex interactions amongst hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis), neurotransmitters, and immune system. ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; CRF: corticotrophin releasing factor; NE: norepinephrine; 5-HT: serotonin.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cascade effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on microglia and related functional changes. O2: oxygen; N nitrogen; CK: cytokines; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IL: interleukin; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on 5-HT metabolism, HPA-axis, and oxidative mechanisms. IFN: interferon; CRH: corticotropin-releasing hormone; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; IDO indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase; NO: nitric oxide.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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