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. 2020 Jun 9;20(1):285.
doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02186-7.

Hospitalizations for viral respiratory infections in children under 2 years of age: epidemiology and in-hospital complications

Jessie N Zurita-Cruz  1   2   3 , Alejandro Gutierrez-Gonzalez  4 , Leticia Manuel-Apolinar  5 , José Esteban Fernández-Gárate  6 , María Luisa Arellano-Flores  5 , Roberto Alejandro Correa Gonzalez  7 , Guillermo Vázquez-Rosales  8 , Rocio Sanchez-Armas  3 , Nelly Cisneros-González  9
Affiliations

Hospitalizations for viral respiratory infections in children under 2 years of age: epidemiology and in-hospital complications

Jessie N Zurita-Cruz et al. BMC Pediatr. .

Abstract

Background: Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) are a frequent cause of hospitalization in children under 24 months of age. A history of prematurity or heart disease may be a risk factor for complications in patients hospitalized for VRI. The objective was to describe epidemiological data for children hospitalized for IRV and aged 1 to 24 months and to identify risk factors for the presence of in-hospital complications and mortality over a period of 5 years.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients registered with VRI codes B974, J12, J120-J129X, J168, J17, J171, J178, J20, J203-J209, J21, J210, J211, J218, J219 (based on International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10]) from 2013 to 2017 were included. Three subanalyses were performed to compare [1] patients with pathological history (prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD] and congenital heart disease [CHD]), [2] diagnoses (pneumonia, acute bronchitis, and acute bronchiolitis), and [3] admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, invasive medical procedure and mortality were analyzed.

Statistical analysis: VRI hospitalization prevalence was described. For comparison between groups, Student's t-test, ANOVA and the Chi2 test were applied. To identify factors related to days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications and mortality, a linear and logistic regression model was performed.

Results: A total of 66,304 hospitalizations were reported. The average age was 14.7 weeks; hospitalization events were higher in winter (39%), followed by autumn (27.3%). A total of 371 (0.56%) patients died. A total of 7068 (10.6%) hospitalized patients with pathological histories were identified. The presence of BPD (coefficient = 1.6), CHD (coefficient = 1.2), diagnosis of pneumonia (coefficient = 1.2), in-hospital complications (coefficient = 2.1) and invasive medical procedures (coefficient = 15.7) were the most common factors that increased the length of hospital stay. Risk factors for in-hospital complications and mortality were invasive medical procedure (OR = 3.3 & 11.7), BPD (OR = 1.8 & 1.6), CHD (OR = 4.6 & 3.4) and diagnosis of pneumonia (OR = 1.8 & 4.2).

Conclusions: Risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for VRIs are BPD and CHD, diagnosis of pneumonia and invasive medical procedure.

Keywords: Bronchiolitis; Epidemiology; Mexico; Respiratory tract infection; Viruses.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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